Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christopher J. Fridrich Originator: Robert M. Kirkham Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Preliminary Geologic Map of the Culebra Peak Area, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Las Animas and Costilla Counties, Colorado Edition: version 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Map Issue_Identification: OF 2007-1428 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1428/ Description: Abstract: This geologic map provides new geologic mapping at 1:50,000-scale in the Culebra Peak area of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of south-central Colorado. The map area includes all of the El Valle Creek, Stonewall, Culebra Peak, and Torres 7.5' quadrangles. Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement rocks are exposed along the crest of the Culebra Range which include a calc-alkaline gneiss sequence and a metasedimentary and bimodal metavolcanic sequence which are strongly foliated and display a northeast-southwest oriented structural trend. These rocks are intruded by several large granitic bodies and smaller amphibolitic and pegmatitic bodies which are also foliated. These basement rocks are intruded by a set of younger Neoproterozoic to lower Paleozoic gabbro dikes which are nonfoliated. These crystalline rocks are overlain to the east of the Culebra Range by a thick sequence of Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks which include upper Paleozoic syn-tectonic sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Trough related to the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, Mesozoic post-tectonic sedimentary rocks, Cretaceous interior seaway sediments, and Laramide-age syn-tectonic sedimentary rocks of the Raton Basin. These rocks are faulted and folded by Laramide-age deformation. Tertiary igneous and volcaniclastic rocks that postdate the Laramide Orogeny are exposed throughout the map area and to the west of the Culebra Range, syntectonic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Sante Fe Group were deposited as fill in basins of the Rio Grande rift. These deposits are cut by rift-related extensional faults. Surficial units include alluvial, lacustrine, glacial, and mass-wasting deposits. Purpose: This data represents new geologic mapping which can be used in land-use plannng, hazards analysis, resource assessments, and other geologic framework studies. Supplemental_Information: Coverages included in this geospatial database: culebra_geo: polygon coverage of geologic units, contacts, and faults culebra_lin: arc coverage of fold axes and lateral and terminal morraines culebra_pnt: point coverage of bedding and foliation attitudes, lineations, well locations and other miscellaneous point features Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2007 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: formal USGS SIM publication planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.2500000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.0000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.2500000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.0000000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: Geologic map Theme_Keyword: Proterozoic rocks Theme_Keyword: Paleozoic rocks Theme_Keyword: Mesozoic rocks Theme_Keyword: Cenozoic rocks Theme_Keyword: Quaternary deposits Theme_Keyword: Wilkens Park thrust fault system Theme_Keyword: Hill Ranch thrust fault Theme_Keyword: Culebra thrust fault Theme_Keyword: Purgatoire fault system Theme_Keyword: Perry thrust fault Theme_Keyword: Cabot thrust fault Theme_Keyword: Sangre de Cristo backthrust Theme_Keyword: North Lake backthrust Theme_Keyword: Trinchera Peak fault Theme_Keyword: Cielo Vista fault Theme_Keyword: Devil's Park graben Theme_Keyword: Duling anticline Theme_Keyword: Womack syncline Theme_Keyword: Rothue anticline Theme_Keyword: Tercio anticline Theme_Keyword: Rio Grande Rift Theme_Keyword: Santa Fe Group Theme_Keyword: Laramide Orogeny Theme_Keyword: Raton basin Theme_Keyword: Cretaceous interior seaway Theme_Keyword: Colorado Trough Theme_Keyword: Ancestral Rocky Mountains Theme_Keyword: metavolcanic Theme_Keyword: metasedimentary Theme_Keyword: calc-alkaline gneiss Theme_Keyword: granitic intrusions Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Sangre de Cristo Mountains Place_Keyword: Culebra Range Place_Keyword: Culebra Peak Place_Keyword: Purgatoire Peak Place_Keyword: Purgatoire River Place_Keyword: Stonewall Place_Keyword: Torres Place_Keyword: Costilla County Place_Keyword: Las Animas County Place_Keyword: Beaubein and Miranda (Maxwell) grant Place_Keyword: San Isabel National Forest Place_Keyword: Highway of Legends Scenic Byway Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Users of this geospatial database and geologic information derived from it should acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of the data. Although software enables a user to display images at various scales, map data in this report should not be used at scales greater than 1:50,000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christopher J. Fridrich Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: MS 980, Box 25046 DFC City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-7950 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-0214 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fridrich@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1428/downloads/pdf/OF07-1428.pdf Browse_Graphic_File_Description: graphic representation of map layout Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Set_Credit: The geologic mapping was conducted by Christopher J. Fridrich and Robert M. Kirkham. Jeremiah B. Workman, U.S. Geological Survey, served as author of the GIS database in Arc/Info and produced the map layout in Adobe Illustrator. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows_XP, Intel ARC/INFO version 9.2 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data were checked by the geologist that made the field observations and compilation. The attributes of this geospatial dataset consist of text identifiers and numbers that indicate the identity of the geologic unit or type of geologic feature, and values for orientations measured in the field. To check the attribute accuracy, a color check plot was visually compared to the geologist's original compilation. Discrepancies between the digital geospatial data set and the original analog compilation were corrected as needed. Machine-created listings of unique attribute values were used to identify spelling errors or other inconsistencies, and corrections were made as needed. Logical_Consistency_Report: Map elements were visually checked for overshoots, undershoots, duplicate features, polygon closure, and other errors by the authors and by the GIS technician who created the digital database. Automated (ArcInfo) routines were also used to check the databases for polygon label errors, line or point attribution errors, sliver polygons, dangling arcs, intersection errors, and projection information. Check plots of the map were reviewed by other geologists and a cartographer for consistency with basic geologic principles and general conformity to USGS mapping standards. Completeness_Report: Data are preliminary. No features that could be accurately represented at a scale of 1:50,000 were eliminated or generalized. The smallest features represented are approximately 15 meters on a side. All geospatial database elements are attributed. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Most digitized positions on the map that depict distinct contacts between rock formations in the field are estimated to be within 20 m of the actual contact on the land. Horizontal positional accuracy is tested by visual comparison of hard copy test plots to source maps or comparing locations of data on a computer monitor to other data layers in the same geographic area. The database contains no elevation data. Accuracy of these digital data indirectly depends on accuracy of the base maps on which the original source geologic maps were compiled. These base maps were made by the U.S. Geological Survey, which routinely checks them for compliance with the National Map Accuracy Standards. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Christopher J. Fridrich and Robert M. Kirkham mapped the geology by field observation in combination with stereographic models on a Kerns PG-2 plotter using 1:40,000-scale USGS aerial photographs Process_Date: 2004 to 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geology for the map was compiled by Christopher J. Fridrich onto rolled paper copies of the appropriate 1:24,000-scale 7.5' quadrangle topographic base maps. Units were hand colored to assist with proper attribution and test compilation for errors. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: All four 1:24,000-scale compilation maps were scanned at 300 dpi, registered and rectified into appropriate projections and line work was digitized on screen in ArcEdit with the rectified images as a background by Jeremiah B. Workman. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: Attribute and other miscellaneous point data were entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet by the authors directly from field notebooks. UTM coordinates were determined in the field using a Garmin GPSMap 76CSx handheld gps reciever. Spreadsheet was converted to a point coverage in ArcInfo by Jeremiah B. Workman. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geologic database was attributed by Jeremiah B. Workman based upon rectified compilation quadrangles and a preliminary layout was produced for review by authors and then for technical review. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: Technical reviews were provided by Karl Kellogg (USGS) and Alan Wallace (USGS) and appropriate edits were made to the dataset. Final layout was produced in Adobe Illustrator CS3 by Jeremiah B. Workman. Process_Date: 2007 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata document prepared by Jeremiah B. Workman. Database reviewed for conformity with USGS standards by Kenzie Turner, US Geological Survey. Process_Date: 2007 Process_Step: Process_Description: Copy edit review provided by Tom Judkins (USGS) and final database and layout files prepared for publication by Jeremiah B. Workman. Process_Date: 2007 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 5 Ordinate_Resolution: 5 Planar_Distance_Units: METERS Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 13 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.0000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00 False_Easting: 500000.0000 False_Northing: 0.0000 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: >The database was compiled in ArcEdit as three ArcInfo >coverages. These coverages have been converted to shapefiles >which are also included with the published dataset. The >following description applies to the ArcInfo coverages, but may >also be used for the shapefiles with the primary difference >being file names have been shortened (the 'CULEBRA' prefix has >been dropped) to conform to 8.3 naming conventions for >shapefiles, which also affects the non-user-defined attributes, >some item names may have been truncated, and the polygon >coverage 'CULEBRA_GEO' which contains both arc and polygon >attributes has been split into two separate sets of shapefiles. > >The database contains the following three ArcInfo coverages: > >------------------------------------------------------------ >---- COVERAGE NAME ---- ENTITY TYPE ---- DESCRIPTION ------- >------------------------------------------------------------ >- CULEBRA_GEO -- Polygons -- Rock unit areas >- Lines -- Rock unit boundaries > (contacts; faults) >------------------------------------------------------------ >- CULEBRA_LIN -- Lines -- Linear geologic > features (fold axes; > morraines) >------------------------------------------------------------ >- CULEBRA_PNT -- Point -- Point observations > (bedding, foliation, > and lineation > attitudes; wells; > cabins; etc.) >------------------------------------------------------------ > >------------------------------------------------------------ >Database structure of CULEBRA_GEO.PAT: >------------------------------------------------------------ > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 CULEBRA_GEO# 4 5 B - > 21 CULEBRA_GEO-ID 4 5 B - > 25 UNIT 25 25 C - > 50 DESCRIPTION 100 100 C - > >Description of user-defined database items in CULEBRA_GEO.PAT > UNIT: Abbreviated name of map unit > DESCRIPTION: Name of map unit and geologic age (see map plate > for more detailed description) > >Unique item values for CULEBRA_GEO.PAT >-- UNIT ---- DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------ > Jme Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) and Entrada > Sandstone (Middle Jurassic), undivided > Kdp Dakota Sandstone and Purgatoire Formation (Lower > Cretaceous), undivided > Ku Pierre Shale and related formations (Upper > Cretaceous), undivided > Kvt Vermejo Formation and Trinidad Sandstone (Upper > Cretaceous), undivided > PPsd Sangre de Cristo Formation - Upper conglomeratic > facies (Lower Permian and Pennsylvanian) > PPu Sangre de Cristo (Lower Permian and Pennsylvanian) > and Madera (Pennsylvanian) Formations, undivided > Pm Madera Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) - Arkose > and gray limestone members, undivided > Pmwc Madera Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) - Whiskey > Creek Pass Limestone Member > Psa Sangre de Cristo Formation - Basal siltstone facies > (Pennsylvanian) > Psb Sangre de Cristo Formation - Lower conglomeratic > facies (Pennsylvanian) > Psc Sangre de Cristo Formation - Medial shaly facies > (Pennsylvanian) > PzZg Gabbro (early Paleozoic or Neoproterozoic) > QTd Alluvial and colluvial deposits? (Pleistocene to > upper Pliocene?) > Qac Alluvium and lower-slope colluvium deposits > (Holocene and late? Pleistocene) > Qc Talus and other hillside colluvial deposits > (Holocene and late? Pleistocene) > Qg Glacial till (late to middle Pleistocene) > Qla Lacustrine deposits (Holocene and late? > Pleistocene) > Qls Landslide deposits (Holocene and late? Pleistocene) > Qlx Rock-fall deposits (Holocene and late? Pleistocene) > Qrg Rock glacier deposits (Holocene and late? > Pleistocene) > Qto Older glacial-outwash terrace deposits (middle > Pleistocene) > Qty Younger glacial-outwash terrace deposits (late > Pleistocene) > TKr Raton Formation (Paleocene and uppermost > Cretaceous) > TRj Triassic sedimentary rocks, undifferentiated > Taf Felsic extrusive rocks (Miocene) > Td Santa Fe Group - Felsic extrusive rocks (middle > Miocene) > Tio Older hypabyssal intrusive rocks (early Miocene or > late Oligocene) > Tiy Younger hypabyssal intrusive rocks (Miocene) > Tm Santa Fe Group - Mafic extrusive rocks (middle > Miocene) > Tpc Poison Canyon Formation (Paleocene) > Tsf Santa Fe Group - Sediments (middle and lower > Miocene) > Tvc Volcaniclastic sediments (early Miocene or late > Oligocene) > Xab Amphibolites of Bimodal Sequence (Paleoproterozoic) > Xag Augen gneiss of Carneros Creek (Paleoproterozoic) > Xam Late intrusive amphibolite (Paleoproterozoic) > Xb Bimodal and metasedimentary unit, undivided > (Paleoproterozoic) > Xd Diorite gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) > Xds Dirty metasedimentary rocks (Paleoproterozoic) > Xfa Felsic gneiss and amphibolite, undivided > (Paleoproterozoic) > Xgg Gneissic granite of Hill Ranch (Paleoproterozoic) > Xlg Leucocratic gneissic granite (Paleoproterozoic) > Xms Clean metasedimentary rocks (Paleoproterozoic) > Xp Pegmatite (Paleoproterozoic) > Xq Orthoquartzite (Paleoproterozoic) > Xr Alkali granite gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) > Xt Tonalite gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) > w water > > >------------------------------------------------------------ >Database structure of CULEBRA_GEO.AAT: >------------------------------------------------------------ > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 CULEBRA_GEO# 4 5 B - > 29 CULEBRA_GEO-ID 4 5 B - > 33 DESCRIPTION 100 100 C - > >Description of user-defined database items in CULEBRA_GEO.AAT > DESCRIPTION: Line type as defined in Digital Cartographic > Standards > >Unique item values for CULEBRA_GEO.AAT >--- DESCRIPTION ---------------------------------------- > bedding plane > contact-approximately located > contact-approximately located, queried > contact-certain > dike-Tio > fault-approximately located > fault-certain > fault-concealed > gradational contact-approximately located > gradational contact-approximately located, queried > gradational contact-certain > landslide scarp-approximately located > landslide scarp-certain > landslide scarp-concealed > left-lateral strike-slip fault-certain > left-lateral strike-slip fault-concealed > map boundary > right-lateral strike-slip fault-approximately located > right-lateral strike-slip fault-certain > right-lateral strike-slip fault-concealed > scratch boundary > shoreline > thrust fault-approximately located > thrust fault-certain > thrust fault-concealed > unconformable contact-certain > > >------------------------------------------------------------ >Database structure of CULEBRA_LIN.AAT: >------------------------------------------------------------ > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 CULEBRA_LIN# 4 5 B - > 29 CULEBRA_LIN-ID 4 5 B - > 33 DESCRIPTION 100 100 C - > >Description of user-defined database items in CULEBRA_LIN.AAT > DESCRIPTION: Line type as defined in Digital Cartographic > Standards > >Unique item values for CULEBRA_LIN.AAT >--- DESCRIPTION -------------------- > anticline-approximately located > anticline-certain > lateral moraine > syncline-certain > terminal moraine > > >------------------------------------------------------------ >Database structure of CULEBRA_PNT.PAT: >------------------------------------------------------------ > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 CULEBRA_PNT# 4 5 B - > 21 CULEBRA_PNT-ID 4 5 B - > 25 DESCRIPTION 100 100 C - > 125 STRIKE 8 8 I - > 133 DIP 8 8 I - > 141 BEARING 8 8 I - > 149 PLUNGE 8 8 I - > 157 FIELDNOTE 100 100 C - > >Description of user-defined database items in CULEBRA_PNT.PAT > DESCRIPTION: Point type as defined in Digital Cartographic > Standards > STRIKE: Azimuth of bedding or foliation plane strike > DIP: angle in degrees from horizontal of bedding or > foliation plane dip > BEARING: Azimuth of lineation bearing > PLUNGE: angle in degrees from horizontal of lineation > plunge > FIELDNOTE: notations concerning point observation recorded in > field notebook (includes quadrant orientation of > dip and plunge values and authors' descriptions > of miscellaneous point features) > >Unique item values for CULEBRA_LIN.AAT >--- DESCRIPTION ---------------------------- > adit > cabin > horizontal bedding > inclined bedding-showing strike and dip > inclined foliation-showing strike and dip > lineation-showing bearing and plunge > miscellaneous > overturned bedding-showing strike and dip > pit > vertical bedding-showing strike > vertical foliation-showing strike > well-coal bed methane > well-dry hole >--- STRIKE ----------------------- > 0 to 359 (0 if not applicable) >--- DIP -------------------------- > 0 to 90 (0 if not applicable) >--- BEARING ---------------------- > 0 to 359 (0 if not applicable) >--- PLUNGE ----------------------- > 0 to 90 (0 if not applicable) >--- FIELDNOTE -------------------- > Apache Canyon cabin > Bandurito Cabin > Crawford's/Toppel fence line > E > Morine-Duling#1 dry hole > N > NE > NW > S > SE > SW > W > adit/Quatro Mine > log cabin ruin > mouth of WCP tunnel collapsed > old corral > plane wreck > radio repeater and benchmark > windmill > >------------------------------------------------------------ Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Publishing Service Center Address: MS 902 Box 25046 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5486 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: webmaster@geology.cr.usgs.gov Resource_Description: Open-File Report 2007-1428 Distribution_Liability: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE,SHP Format_Version_Number: 9.2 Format_Version_Date: 2005 File_Decompression_Technique: ZIP archive Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1428/ Fees: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Resource_Description: Open-File Report 2007-1428 Distribution_Liability: None Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Available as one printed sheet Order from USGS at address above or see for more ordering information. Fees: For current prices see: Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2007 Metadata_Review_Date: 2007 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jeremiah B. Workman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: MS 980, Box 25046 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1257 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jworkman@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998