Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U. S. Geological Survey, FISC St. Petersburg Publication_Date: December 2007 Title: EAARL Submarine Topography-Northern Florida Keys Reef Tract Edition: First Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Open File Report Issue_Identification: 2007-1432 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: FISC St. Petersburg Publisher: USGS Other_Citation_Details: The USGS, in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), provide the coastal management community with digital elevation products. The USGS processes aircraft lidar data provided by NASA, develops software tools and algorithms to use and analyze the data, and makes products available to the coastal management community. Description: Abstract: Lidar is a remote sensing technique that uses laser light to detect, range, or identify remote objects based on light reflected by the object or emitted through its subsequent fluorescence. Airborne ranging lidar is now being applied in coastal environments to produce accurate, cost-efficient elevation datasets with high spatial density. The USGS, in cooperation with NASA and NPS, is using airborne lidar to measure the submerged topography of the Northern Florida Keys Reef Tract (NFKRT); secondarily, the data will be assessed for its potential in terms of benthic characterization. Elevation measurements were collected over the NFKRT using the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure subaerial and submarine topography. The system uses a high frequency laser beam directed at the earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The EAARL system, developed by the NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) in Virginia, measures ground elevation with a vertical resolution of roughly 15 centimeters. A sampling rate of up to 3 kHz results in an extremely dense spatial elevation data set. The EAARL system is typically flown at 300 m altitude AGL, resulting in a 240 m swath for each flightline. Data collection occurred with approximately 50% overlap between flightlines, resulting in about one laser sounding per square meter. The data were processed by the USGS, Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC] St. Petersburg office to produce 1 meter resolution raster images that can be easily ingested into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The data were organized as 2 km by 2 km data tiles in 32 bit floating-point integer GeoTIFF format. Purpose: One objective of this research is the creation of techniques for the surveying of submerged topography for the purposes of habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment (e.g., hurricanes and extreme storm events). As part of this project, data from NASA EAARL were used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring shallow water depth and conducting cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to managers of coastal tropical habitats. Supplemental_Information: Raw lidar data is not in a format that is generally usable by Park Service resource managers and scientists for scientific analysis. Converting dense lidar elevation data into a readily usable format without loss of essential information requires specialized processing. The USGS converts raw lidar data into a GIS-compatible map product to be provided to NPS GIS specialists, managers, and scientists. The primary tool used in the conversion process is Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a multi-tiered processing system developed by a USGS/NASA collaborative project for the generation of subaerial and submarine lidar topographic products. Specialized processing algorithms are used to convert raw waveform lidar data acquired by the EAARL to geo-referenced spot (x,y,z) returns for submarine topography. These data are then converted to the North American (Horizontal ) Datum of 1983 (NAD83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88, using the Geoid 03 model). The final products are 2x2-km map tiles written out in a standard GeoTIFF format with associated metadata information. These tiles are created for visual interpretation and regional quantitative analysis. Metadata files include the standard FGDC format. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: July 10-14, 2001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: September 4-7, 2001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: August 2-9, 2002 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: East_Bounding_Coordinate: North_Bounding_Coordinate: South_Bounding_Coordinate: Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Lidar, Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar, digital elevation model, elevation change, laser altimetry, derived surface, coastal resource management, Airborne Lidar Processing System, benthic cover types, submarine elevations Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Northern Florida Keys Reef Tract Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: United States East Coast Stratum: Stratum_Keyword: submarine topography Access_Constraints: Any use of these data signifies a user's agreement to comprehension and compliance of the USGS Standard Disclaimer. Ensure all portions of metadata are read and clearly understood before using these data in order to protect both user and USGS interests. See section 6.3 Distribution Liability. Use_Constraints: Although the USGS is making these data sets available to others who may find the data of value, USGS does not warrant, endorse, or recommend the use of these data for any given purpose. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. These data sets are not for navigational purposes. USGS is providing these data "as is", and USGS disclaims any and all warranties, whether expressed or implied, including (without limitation) any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will USGS be liable to you or to any third party for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages or lost profits resulting from any use or misuse of these data. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey FISC - St. Petersburg as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgement as is standad for citation and legal practices for data source is expected by users of this data set. Sharing new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by USGS staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other data sets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photo interpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center Contact_Person: Dr. John C. Brock Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 803-8747 ext3088 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (727) 803-2031 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbrock@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm M-F EST Data_Set_Credit: The USGS Florida Integrated Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL would like to acknowledge NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the National Park Service for their cooperation and assistance in the aquisition and processing of the data. The National Park Service also contributed by cleaning the LIDAR dataset in preparation for map production. Security_Information: Security_Classification: Unclassified Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.1.1332 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Brock, J.C.; Wright, C.W.; Sallenger, A.H; Krabill, W.B., and Swift Title: Basis and Methods of NASA Ariborne Topographic Mapper Lidar Surveys for Coastal Studies Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: West Palm Beach, FL Publisher: Journal of Coastal Research Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Miami, FL Publisher: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wright, C.W. and Brock, J.C. Title: EAARL: A lidar for mapping shallow coral reefs and other coastal environments Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Proceedings Article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Miami, FL Publisher: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: John Brock and Asbury Sallenger Title: Airborne Topographic Lidar Mapping for Coastal Science and Resource Management Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: USGS Open File Report Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J.C., Wright, C.W., OConnell, M.O., 2006 Title: Evaluating a small-footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: USGS Open File Report Series_Information: Series_Name: 2006-12:1408-1417 Publication_Information: Publisher: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The expected accuracy of the measured variables are as follows: attitude within 0.07 degree, 3-cm nominal ranging accuracy, and vertical elevation accuracy of +/-20 cm for the submerged surface. Quality checks are built into the data-processing software. Completeness_Report: Several regions of the dataset are labeled as "No Data", which corresponds to a cell value of -100 m in the GeoTiff file. These "No Data" areas are a result of the survey not covering a particular region, optical water depth of greater than 1.5 Secchi disc depths, or the manual removal of lidar processing artifacts. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Raw elevation measurements have been determined to be within 1 meter horizontal accuracy. Processing steps (grid interpolation) may introduce additional error which has not been tested at the time of this publication. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1 Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Elevations of the DEM are vertically consistent with the point elevation data, +/-20 cm. Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: .20 Lineage: Source_Information: Type_of_Source_Media: Point elevation measurements collected by the EAARL sensor. Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: July 10-14, 2001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: September 4-7, 2001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: August 2-9, 2002 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Process_Step: Process_Description: The data are collected using a NOAA DeHavilland Twin Otter aircraft. The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) laser scanner collects the data using a green (532nm) raster scanning laser, while a digital camera acquires a visual record of the flight. The data are stored on hard drives and archived at the USGS office in St. Petersburg and the NASA office at Wallops Flight Facility. The navigational data are processed at Wallops Flight Facility. The navigational and raw data are then downloaded into the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS). Data are converted from units of time to x,y,z points for elevation. The derived surface data can then be converted into raster data (geotiffs). Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U. S. Geological Survey, FISC St. Petersburg Contact_Person: Amar Nayegandhi Contact_Position: Computer Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-803-8747 Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm M-F EST Contact_Instructions: Call Survey for Details Process_Step: Process_Description: The raster dataset was opened in ERDAS IMAGINE for editing. An Area of Interest (AOI) polygon was drawn around regions of poor data quality. Poor data quality was determined visually by locating gaps in the data as well as artifacts of the Lidar processing. Pixels within the AOI polygons were given a raster value of -100 to correspond with other areas of No Data. Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Network Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 18001 Old Cutler Road, Suite 419 City: Palmetto Bay State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33157 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (305) 252-0347 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported into ArcCatalog from XML file. Process_Date: 20070830 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U. S. Geoloigcal Survey, FISC St. Petersburg Contact_Person: Laurinda J. Travers Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 338701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-803-8747 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 2001 Column_Count: 2001 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Geotiff Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This Digital Elevation Model is a Geotiff derived from point data. It is raster data consisting of cells. Each cell has an elevation value associated with it. Cell size is 1 meter by 1 meter. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: This Digital Elevation Model is a GeoTIFF derived from point data referenced to WGS84, NAD83 UTM eastings and northings (m). The variables measured by EAARL are: distance between aircraft and GPS satellites (m), attitude information (roll, pitch, heading in degrees), scan angle (degrees), second of the epoch (sec), and 1-ns time-resolved return intensity waveform (digital counts). It is raster data consisting of cells. Each cell has an elevation value associated with it. Cell size is 1 meter by 1 meter. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey, FISC St. Petersburg Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-803-8747 ext3049 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (727) 803-2031 Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm M-F EST Resource_Description: EAARL Submarine Topography-Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Open File Report 2007-XXXX Distribution_Liability: The United States Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data and related graphics are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: January 2007 Format_Specification: Geotiff Transfer_Size: 0.000 Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD Fees: 0 Ordering_Instructions: Call USGS for Details Custom_Order_Process: Call USGS for Details Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: July 10-14, 2001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Sept. 4-7, 2001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: August 2-9, 2002 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20070831 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U. S. Geological Survey, FISC St. Petersburg Contact_Person: Laurinda J. Travers Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-803-8747 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (305) 253-0463 Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm M-F EST Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile