Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Matthew Merrill, Eastern Energy Resources Team, United States Geological Survey Originator: Susan Tewalt, Eastern Energy Resources Team, United States Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2008 Title: GIS representation of coal-bearing areas of Africa Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Downloadable GIS Data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2008-1258 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1258 Description: Abstract: This report is a digital compilation of information on Africa's coal-bearing geology found in the literature and is intended to be used in small scale spatial investigations in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and as a visual aid for the discussion of Africa's coal resources. The African continent contains approximately 5% of the world's proven recoverable reserves of coal (World Energy Council, 2007). A review of academic and industrial literature indicates that 27 nations in Africa contain coal-bearing rock. Existing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) digital geology datasets provide the majority of the base geologic polygons in this dataset. Polygons for the coal-bearing localities were clipped from the base geology that properly represented the age and extent of the coal deposit as indicated in the literature. This dataset includes information regarding the rank, age and location of coal in Africa as well as the detailed source information responsible for each coal-bearing polygon. This product is not appropriate for use in resource assessments of any kind. Purpose: The purpose of this GIS dataset is to depict, at a small scale, the general occurrence, age and rank of coal in the African Continent. Intended for use in visual presentations and regional mapping. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2007 Ending_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -16.372765 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.480528 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.415945 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -31.722256 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: coal Theme_Keyword: coal rank Theme_Keyword: coal age Theme_Keyword: bituminous coal Theme_Keyword: anthracite Theme_Keyword: lignite Theme_Keyword: subbituminous coal Theme_Keyword: african coal Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: geoInformationData Theme_Keyword: economy Theme_Keyword: environment Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Africa Place_Keyword: Central African Republic Place_Keyword: Democratic Republic of the Congo Place_Keyword: Djibouti Place_Keyword: Egypt Place_Keyword: Eritrea Place_Keyword: Ethiopia Place_Keyword: Madagascar Place_Keyword: Malawi Place_Keyword: Mali Place_Keyword: Morocco Place_Keyword: Mozambique Place_Keyword: Namibia Place_Keyword: Niger Place_Keyword: Nigeria Place_Keyword: Senegal Place_Keyword: Somalia Place_Keyword: South Africa Place_Keyword: Sudan Place_Keyword: Swaziland Place_Keyword: Tanzania Place_Keyword: Zambia Place_Keyword: Zimbabwe Place_Keyword: Benin Place_Keyword: Algeria Place_Keyword: Cameroon Place_Keyword: Botswana Place_Keyword: Lesotho Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Stratum_Keyword: Tertiary Stratum_Keyword: Jurassic Stratum_Keyword: Permian Stratum_Keyword: Pliocene Stratum_Keyword: Miocene Stratum_Keyword: Eocene Stratum_Keyword: Paleocene Stratum_Keyword: Cretaceous Stratum_Keyword: Triassic Stratum_Keyword: Carboniferous Stratum_Keyword: Oligocene Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: Data should not be used beyond the source scale (approx. 1:5,000,000) or for assessments of African coal. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Matthew Merrill Contact_Organization: Eastern Energy Resources Team, United States Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Science Technician Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 956 City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6457 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6401 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmerrill@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: african_coal.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Coal-bearing areas of Africa Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Compiled by Matthew Merrill, Eastern Energy Resources Team, United States Geological Survey Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: 100 percent of attribute codes were reviewed against the source manuscripts. No formal effort was undertaken to develop a quantitative attribute accuracy statement. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data were found to be topologically correct. No duplicate features are present. All areas are completely described as depicted on the source manuscripts. Completeness_Report: All attribution and polygon creation is complete. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Cairncross, B Publication_Date: 2001 Title: An overview of the Permian (Karoo) coal deposits of southern Africa Series_Information: Series_Name: African Earth Sciences Issue_Identification: vol. 33, p. 529-562 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Caincross, 2001 Source_Contribution: Southern Africa Permian coal age, rank and location. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Catuneanu, O Originator: Wopfner, H Originator: Eriksson, P.G Originator: Cairncross, B Originator: Rubidge, B.S Originator: Smith, R.M.H Originator: Hancox, P.J Publication_Date: 2005 Title: The Karoo basins of south-central Africa Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of African Earth Sciences Issue_Identification: vol. 43, p. 211-253 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Catuneanu and others, 2005 Source_Contribution: Source for southern and central Africa Permian coal age, rank and location. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Charrin, V Publication_Date: 1947 Title: La gazeification souterraine de l'anthracite de Djerda (Maroc) Series_Information: Series_Name: Genie Civil Issue_Identification: vol. 124, no. 12, pp. 238 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1947 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Charrin, 1947 Source_Contribution: Moroccan coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Duparque, A Originator: Delattre, C Publication_Date: 1953 Title: Caracteres generaux des houilles de Kenadsa (Algerie) Series_Information: Series_Name: Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord Issue_Identification: vol. 73, p. 238-245 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1953 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Duparque and Delattre, 1953 Source_Contribution: Algerian coal age, rank and location. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kelter Originator: Dietmar Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Proceedings of workshop on reassessment of coal and mineral deposits under market economy conditions Series_Information: Series_Name: U.N. Economic Commission for Europe Issue_Identification: 378 p. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Geneva, Switzerland Publisher: unknown Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1994 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kelter and Dietmar, 1994 Source_Contribution: Southern Africa Permian coal age, rank and location. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Miller, R. McG Publication_Date: 1997 Title: The Owambo Basin of northern Namibia Series_Information: Series_Name: African Basins Issue_Identification: vol 3, p. 394 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam ; New York Publisher: Elsevier Science Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Selley, R.C Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Sedimentary Basins of the World Series_Information: Series_Name: Sediemntary Basins of the World Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam ; New York Publisher: Elsevier Science Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1997 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Miller, 1997 Source_Contribution: Namibian coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Geological Survey Department, Dodoma Publication_Date: 1952 Title: Mineral Map of Tanganyika Series_Information: Series_Name: unknown Issue_Identification: unknown Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Dodoma Publisher: Geological Survey Department Source_Scale_Denominator: 4,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1952 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mineral Map of Tanganyika, 1952 Source_Contribution: Tanzania coal-bearing lithology locations. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Moody, R.T.J Publication_Date: 1997 Title: The Iullemmeden Basin Series_Information: Series_Name: African Basins Issue_Identification: vol 3, p. 89 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam ; New York Publisher: Elsevier Science Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Selley, R.C Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Sedimentary Basins of the World Series_Information: Series_Name: Sedimentary Basins of the World Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam ; New York Publisher: Elsevier Science Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1997 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Moody, 1997 Source_Contribution: Niger coal information. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mostafa, A.R Originator: Younes, M.A Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Significance of organic matter in recording paleoenvironmental conditions of the Safa Formation coal sequence, Maghara Area, North Sinai, Egypt Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Coal Geology Issue_Identification: vol. 47, no. 1, p. 9-21 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: Elsevier Science Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mostafa and Younes, 2001 Source_Contribution: Egyptian coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Persits, F. Originator: Ahlbrandt, T Originator: Tuttle, M Originator: Charpentier, R Originator: Brownfield, M Originator: Takahashi, K Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of Africa Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-470A Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 5,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1997 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Persits and others, 1997 Source_Contribution: African geology base layer Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Semkiwa, P Originator: Kalkreuth, W Originator: Utting, J Originator: Mayagilo, F Originator: Mpanju, F Originator: Hagemann, H Publication_Date: 1998 Title: The geology, petrology, palynology and geochemistry of Permian coal basins in Tanzania. 1. Namwele-Mkomolo, Muze and Galula coalfields Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Coal Geology Issue_Identification: vol. 36, p. 63-110 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: Elsevier Science Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1998 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Semkiwa and others, 1998 Source_Contribution: Tanzania coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Semkiwa, P Originator: Kalkreuth, W Originator: Utting, J Originator: Mpanju, F Originator: Hagemann, H Publication_Date: 2003 Title: The geology, petrology, palynology and geochemistry of Permian coal basins in Tanzania: 2. Songwe-Kiwira Coalfield Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Coal Geology Issue_Identification: vol. 55, p. 157-186 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Semkiwa and others, 2003 Source_Contribution: Tanzania coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Snyman, C.P Originator: Botha W.J Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Coal in South Africa Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of African Earth Sciences Issue_Identification: vol. 16, no. 1/2, p. 171-180 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Great Britain Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1993 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Snyman and Botha, 1993 Source_Contribution: Southern Africa Permian coal age, rank and location. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Spencer, F Publication_Date: 1982 Title: Coal Resources Series_Information: Series_Name: ECOWAS Region Investigation Issue_Identification: Part 2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mattick, R.E Publication_Date: 1982 Title: ECOWAS Region Investigation Series_Information: Series_Name: IR Issue_Identification: WA-5 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1982 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Spencer, 1982 Source_Contribution: Tertiary Nigerian and Cameroonian coal age and rank. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Weaver, J.N Originator: Brownfield, M.E Originator: Bergin, M.J Publication_Date: 1990 Title: Coal in sub-Saharan-African countries undergoing desertification Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of African Earth Sciences Issue_Identification: vol. 11, no. 3/4, p. 261-271 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Great Britain Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1990 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Weaver and others, 1990 Source_Contribution: Sub Saharan coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Wolela, A Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Fossil fuel energy resources of Ethiopia: Coal deposits Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Coal Geology Issue_Identification: vol. 72, p. 293-314 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam ; New York Publisher: Elsevier Science Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2007 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Wolela, 2007 Source_Contribution: Ethiopian coal age, rank and location Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Oesterlen, P.M Originator: Lepper, J Publication_Date: 2005 Title: The Lower Karoo coal (k2-3) of the Mid-Zambezi basin, Zimbabwe: depositional analysis, coal genesis and palaeogeographic implications Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Coal Geology Issue_Identification: vol. 61, p. 97-118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam ; New York Publisher: Elsevier Science Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oesterlen and Lepper, 2005 Source_Contribution: Zimbabwe and Zambia coal rank Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Geological Survey of Namibia Publication_Date: Unknown Title: web page Series_Information: Series_Name: unknown Issue_Identification: unknown Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Other_Citation_Details: Accessed: 01/2008 Online_Linkage: http://www.mme.gov.na/gsn/default.htm Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: unknown Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Geological Survey of Namibia, 2008 Source_Contribution: Namibia coal rank information Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ramanampisoa, L Originator: Radke, M Originator: Schaefer, R.G Originator: Littke, R Originator: Rullkötter, J Originator: Horsfield, B Publication_Date: 1990 Title: Organic-geochemical characterisation of sediments from the Sakoa coalfield, Madagascar Series_Information: Series_Name: Advances in Organic Geochemistry Issue_Identification: vol. 16, no. 1-3, p. 235-246 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Great Britain Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1990 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ramanampisoa and others, 1990 Source_Contribution: Madagascar coal rank Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Zambia Ministry of Mines and Minerals Publication_Date: Unknown Title: web page Series_Information: Series_Name: unknown Issue_Identification: unknown Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Other_Citation_Details: Accessed: 01/2008 Online_Linkage: http://www.zambiamining.co.zm/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: unknown Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Zambia Ministry of Mines and Minerals, 2008 Source_Contribution: Zambian coal rank Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Energy Information Administration Publication_Date: 2007 Title: World Coal Reserves Series_Information: Series_Name: International Energy Annual 2005 Issue_Identification: Table 8.2 World Estimated Recoverable Coal Publication_Information: Publication_Place: unknown Publisher: unknown Other_Citation_Details: Accessed: 01/10/2008 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Time_of_Day: unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: EIA, 2007 Source_Contribution: Niger coal rank Process_Step: Process_Description: 1. The African geology map from Persits and others (1997) was projected from Robinson Infosphere to WGS-84 2. A new shapefile created from all Permian age polygons was created. 3. New shapefiles were created from Persits and others (1997) that corresponded with coal-bearing lithology reported in source maps and figures. 4. The new shape file was merged with exisiting Permian geology shapefile. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Weaver, Brownfield and Bergin, 1990 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Cairncross, 2001 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Catuneanu and others, 2005 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Snyman and Botha, 1993 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Persits and others, 1997 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Mineral Map of Tanganyika, 1952 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Wolela, 2007 Process_Date: 10/2007 Process_Step: Process_Description: 5. Permian age polygons that are not coal bearing are deleted. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Cairncross, 2001 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Catuneanu and others, 2005 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Snyman and Botha, 1993 Process_Date: 10/2007 Process_Step: Process_Description: 6. Attribution for coal age, coal rank, coal location and geology base are populated from source information. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Cairncross, 2001 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Catuneanu and others, 2005 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Charrin, 1947 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Duparque and Delattre, 1953 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Kelter and Dietmar, 1994 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Miller, 1997 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Mineral Map of Tanganyika, 1952 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Moody, 1997 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Mostafa and Younes, 2001 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Persits and others, 1997 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Semkiwa and others, 1998 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Semkiwa and others, 2003 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Snyman and Botha, 1993 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Spencer, 1982 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Weaver, Brownfield, and Bergin, 1990 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Wolela, 2007 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Ramanampisoa and others, 1990 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Zambia Ministry of Mines and Minerals, 2008 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Geological Survey of Namibia, 2008 Process_Date: 12/2007 Process_Step: Process_Description: 7. Polygons with shared boundaries and identical attributes were merged to cut down on redundancy. The boundaries being merged represent surface geological boundaries, however in these cases, the geologic area represented by these polygons contains the same coals and therefore the polygons have been merged while maintaining their exterior boundaries. Process_Date: 01/2008 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 231 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Africa_coal2 Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon map of African coal including coal age, rank, location and geology base information. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Information used to generate this dataset was compiled from literature sources cite in the source attribute column of this vector dataset. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: age Attribute_Definition: Age of the coal represented by the polygon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Coal age source information (authors and publication year) is provided in the source attribute column of the Africa_coal.shp file. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Carboniferous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Carboniferous Period occurred from 359.2 to 299.0 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cretaceous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Cretaceous Period occurred from 145.5 to 65.5 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cretaceous-Paleocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Cretaceous-Paleocene spans two periods from 145.5 to 55.8 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Eocene-Miocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Eocene-Miocene spans two periods from 55.8 to 5.33 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Jurassic Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Jurassic Period occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Cretaceous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Lower Cretaceous Period occurred from 145.5 to 99.6 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Permian Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Lower Permian Period occurred from 299.0 to 270.6 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Middle Eocene-Oligocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Middle Eocene-Oligocene spans from approx. 45 to 23.03 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Miocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Miocene Epoch occurred from 23.03 to 5.33 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Paleocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Paleocene Epoch occurred from 65.5 to 55.8 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Permian Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Permian Period occurred from 299.0 to 251.0 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Permian-Carboniferous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Permian-Carboniferous spans two periods from 359.2 to 251.0 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pliocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Pliocene Epoch occurred from 5.33 to 1.81 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tertiary Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Tertiary Period occurred from 65.5 to 1.81 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Triassic Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Triassic Period occurred from 251.0 to 199.6 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Triassic-Permian Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Triassic-Permian time spans two periods from 299.0 to 199.6 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Carboniferous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Upper Carboniferous Period occurred from 318.1 to 299.0 million years ago and is also known as the Pennsylvanian Epoch. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Cretaceous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Upper Cretaceous Period occurred from 99.6 to 65.5 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Permian Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The Upper Permian Period occurred from 270.6 to 251.0 million years ago. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Attribute: Attribute_Label: rank Attribute_Definition: Rank of the coal represented by the polygon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Coal rank source information is provided in the source attribute column. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: lignite Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Coal with calorific value less than 6,900 Btu-per-pound on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis; nonagglomerating. Ranges from lignite A to B. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASTM Standard D 388-99, 2004e1, Standard Classification of Coals by Rank: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa., 7 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: subbituminous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Coal with calorific value greater than 6,900 Btu-per-pound and less than 10,500 on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis; nonagglomerating. Ranges from subbituminous A, B, to C. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASTM Standard D 388-99, 2004e1, Standard Classification of Coals by Rank: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa., 7 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: bituminous Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Coal with 69 to 86 percent fixed carbon content (dry, ash-free basis), and calorific value greater than 10,500 Btu-per-pound; generally agglomerating. Ranges from high-volatile bituminous to low-volatile bituminous based on decreasing volatile matter and increasing fixed carbon. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASTM Standard D 388-99, 2004e1, Standard Classification of Coals by Rank: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa., 7 p. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: anthracite Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Coal with the highest fixed carbon content (dry, ash-free basis), between 86 and 98 percent, and a calorific value of over 14,000 Btu-per-pound; nonagglomerating. Ranges from semianthracite to meta-anthracite. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASTM Standard D 388-99, 2004e1, Standard Classification of Coals by Rank: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa., 7 p. Attribute: Attribute_Label: source Attribute_Definition: Source information for coal age, rank and location. Attribute_Definition_Source: Coal source information is provided in this column. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: (Author[s]), (year) - age, rank, location, geology base Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This attribute defines the published source material used to determine the age, rank, location and polygon boundaries (geology base) of the polygon. Sources used in this data set may have provided all four pieces of information or just one, such as rank or location without the other information. In these cases, other authors will also be listed to provide complete references for the age, rank, location and geology base. For example: {Smith, 2008 - age, rank; Johnson, 2008 - location; Frankel, 2008 - geology base} indicates that Smith (2008) is the source of the age and rank information, Johnson (2008) was used to determine the coal-bearing lithology's location, and Frankel's (2008) geology base was used to define the actual polygon boundaries so they match the geology (if applicable). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Not applicable. Attribute: Attribute_Label: min_age Attribute_Definition: Minimum age of the coal represented by the polygon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Coal age source information (authors and publication year) is provided in the source attribute column of the Africa_coal.shp file. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: See enumerated values under age attribute. Attribute: Attribute_Label: max_age Attribute_Definition: Maximum age of the coal represented by the polygon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Coal age source information (authors and publication year) is provided in the source attribute column of the Africa_coal.shp file. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: See enumerated values under age attribute. Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Coal age, and rank attributes are defined as well as the notation used to represent the age, rank, location and geology base source materials in the source attribute column. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4693 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ask@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items for other than personal use must be secured from the copyright owner. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Information_Content: Coal-bearing areas of Africa geographic and attribute data. File_Decompression_Technique: unzip Transfer_Size: 0.622 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: NOT SURE Access_Instructions: none Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Keyhole Markup Language File Format_Information_Content: KML file of coal-bearing lithology of the African continent. Fees: none Ordering_Instructions: These products can be downloaded individually using any one of the Network_Resource_Name URLs above. Each of these URLs provide access to various formats of these data. Technical_Prerequisites: Requires software that reads GIS. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20080506 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Matthew Merrill Contact_Organization: Eastern Energy Resources Team, United States Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Science Technician Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive MS 956 City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6457 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6401 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmerrill@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile