Raw and Modified Raw Continuous Resistivity Profile Data Collected in the Potomac River/Chesapeake Bay on Sept. 8, 2006

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Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Raw and Modified Raw Continuous Resistivity Profile Data Collected in the Potomac River/Chesapeake Bay on Sept. 8, 2006
Abstract:
In order to test hypotheses about groundwater flow under and into Chesapeake Bay, geophysical surveys were conducted by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists on Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River Estuary in September 2006. Chesapeake Bay resource managers are concerned about nutrients that are entering the estuary via submarine groundwater discharge, which are contributing to eutrophication. The USGS has performed many related studies in recent years to provide managers with information necessary to make informed decisions about this issue. The research carried out as part of the study described here was designed to help refine nutrient budgets for Chesapeake Bay by characterizing submarine groundwater flow and discharge of groundwater beneath part of the mainstem and a major tributary, the Potomac River Estuary.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Bratton, John F. , and Cross, VeeAnn A. , 2010, Raw and Modified Raw Continuous Resistivity Profile Data Collected in the Potomac River/Chesapeake Bay on Sept. 8, 2006: Open-File Report 2009-1151, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Cross, VeeAnn A. , Foster, David S. , and Bratton, John F. , 2010, Continuous Resistivity Profiling and Seismic-Reflection Data Collected in 2006 from the Potomac River Estuary, Virginia and Maryland: Open-File Report 2009-1151, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.856267
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.362700
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.231150
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.004733

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: 08-Sep-2006
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Point data set.

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Degrees and decimal minutes.

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    John F. Bratton
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598

    (508) 548-8700 x2254 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    jbratton@usgs.gov


Why was the data set created?

The purpose of this dataset is to provide the raw resistivity data collected on this date by the AGI SuperSting system. In addition, these data are provided in a format ready for processing. In some cases, small edits had to be made to the original raw files to make them suitable for processing. Both the raw and modified raw files are included. And finally, this dataset acts as a data archive.


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    (source 1 of 1)
    Source_Contribution:
    The continuous resistivity profile (CRP) system used on this cruise was an AGI SuperSting marine system described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. The particular system used for this acquisition was a 100-m streamer with an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 10 meters apart. The source electrodes are graphite, while the receiver electrodes are stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potential between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and the *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. The navigation system used in concert with the CRP system is a Lowrance LMS-480M with an LGC-2000 GPS antenna and a 200 kHz fathometer transducer. The transducer also contains a temperature sensor which was not working on Julian Day 249. Lowrance indicates the speed of sound used by the system is 4800 feet/second. On the first day of data collection (Julian Day 249, Sept. 6, 2006) the Lowrance transducer was side-mounted mid-ship on the port side of the boat. The remainder of the cruise the transducer was side-mounted mid-ship of the starboard side of the boat. The CRP system images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity.

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: 2006 (process 1 of 3)
    The data were transferred from the logging computer via AGISSAdmin software version 1.03.09. The data files available for this day are L20F1*, L21f1*, L22F1*, L23F1*, L24F1*, L25F1*, L25F2*, L26F1*. These files were then transferred via a thumb drive to the processing computer.

    Date: 2006 (process 2 of 3)
    The first step is to check the navigation recorded in the *.gps file for each line of acquisition. At first glance, the files seem fine so I ran an AWK script which extracts the navigation, bathymetry, and temperature information recorded in each individual GPS data file.. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L20F1, L21f1, L22F1, L23F1, L24F1, L25F1, L25F2, L26F1).
    AWK script "awkhold":
    BEGIN {
    FS = ","
    }
    {
    FS = ","
    ARGC = 2
    depth = -9999
    temp = -9999
    if ($1=="$GPRMC")
    {
    utctime = $2
    date = $10
    latdeg = substr($4,1,2)
    latmin = substr($4,3,6)
    declat = latdeg + (latmin/60)
    londeg = substr($6,1,3)
    lonmin = substr($6,4,6)
    declon = -1 * (londeg + (lonmin/60))
    if (NR==1) {
    holddepth = -9999
    holdtemp = -9999
    }
    else {
    printf("%9.6f, %9.6f, %s, %s, %5.1f, %5.1f, %s\n", holddeclon, holddeclat, holdutctime, holddate, holddepth, holdtemp, ARGV[2])
    }
    holdutctime = substr(utctime,1,2)":"substr(utctime,3,2)":"substr(utctime,5,2)
    holddate = date
    holddeclon = declon
    holddeclat = declat
    holddepth = -9999
    holdtemp = -9999
    }
    if ($1=="$SDDPT")
    {
    depthreal = $2
    holddepth = depthreal
    }
    if ($1=="$SDMTW")
    {
    tempreal = $2
    holdtemp = tempreal
    }
    }
    END {
    printf("%9.6f, %9.6f, %s, %s, %5.1f, %5.1f, %s\n", holddeclon, holddeclat, holdutctime, holddate, holddepth, holdtemp, ARGV[2])
    }
    
    This AWK script was initialized by "doawk" - shell script run under CYGWIN (UNIX like environment that runs under Windows):
    files=`ls *.gps | cut -d. -f1`
    for file in $files
    do
    awk -f awkhold $file.gps $file >> resnav_jd251.txt
    done
    

    Data sources used in this process:

    • *.gps

    Data sources produced in this process:

    • resjustnav_jd251.txt

    Date: 2006 (process 3 of 3)
    I then used VI to add the appropriate header line and the comma-delimited text file was imported to ArcMap 9.2: Tools - Add XY Data. The X field is longitude; Y field is latitude, and the Coordinate System was defined as Geographic, NAD83. Visual inspection indicated the navigation was fine and the data could be processed as is.

    Data sources used in this process:

    • resjustnav_jd251.txt

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    The primary navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The antenna was located 7.9 meters forward of the anchor point for the resistivity streamer, and approximately 3 meters forward of the fathometer transducer. These offsets were not entered into the GPS system.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    On this day the bathymetric values were collected by the Lowrance fathometer. This fathometer was mounted mid-ship on the starboard side of the boat. The Lowrance manufacturer indicates the speed of sound used by the system to convert to depths is 4800 feet/second. All values are assumed to be accurate to within 1 meter.

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    These files represent all the raw resistivity files used to process resistivity profile data on this date. In cases where corrections had to be made to the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation files and/or the raw resistivity files (STG), both the original and corrected files are included.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    All the data files were checked and handled in the same manner.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:
The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    John F. Bratton
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598

    (508) 548-8700 x2254 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    jbratton@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    Downloadable Data

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

    The data are provided in a WinZip compressed file. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the archive. In addition, the raw data are available in a format compatible with AGI Geosciences Marine Log Manager software. The user must have software capable of reading the AGI format in order to process these data.


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 25-Mar-2010
Metadata author:
VeeAnn A. Cross
U.S. Geological Survey
Marine Geologist
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598

(508) 548-8700 x2251 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
vatnipp@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:


Generated by mp version 2.9.6 on Thu Mar 25 13:43:20 2010