CCB_SWATH_BS_1M: One meter backscatter mosaic acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey with the 117- kHz SEA Ltd. SWATHplus interferometric sonar offshore of Massachusetts within northern Cape Cod Bay (GeoTIFF IMAGE, UTM19 N).

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 2010

Title:

CCB_SWATH_BS_1M: One meter backscatter mosaic acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey with the 117- kHz SEA Ltd. SWATHplus interferometric sonar offshore of Massachusetts within northern Cape Cod Bay (GeoTIFF IMAGE, UTM19 N).

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2010-1006

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage:

<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1006/GIS/raster/backscatter/CCB_Swath_bs_1m.zip>

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1006/html/appendix1.html>

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Brian D. Andrews

Originator: Seth D. Ackerman

Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin

Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt

Publication_Date: 2010

Title:

Geophysical and Sampling Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts.

Edition: 1.0

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2010-1006

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1006/>

Description:

Abstract:

These data were collected under a cooperative agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of sea-floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters of coastal Massachusetts, primarily in water depths of 3-30 meters deep. Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (<http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/html/current_map.html>). The data collected in the study area located in Northern Cape Cod Bay Massachusetts includes high-resolution geophysics (bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic reflection), and ground validation (sediment samples, video tracklines, and bottom photographs). The data were collected during five separate surveys conducted between 2006 and 2008 and cover 480 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf.

More information about the individual USGS surveys conducted as part of the northern Cape Cod Bay project can be found on the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Field Activity webpage:

06012: <http://quashnet.er.usgs.gov/data/2006/06012/> 07001: <http://quashnet.er.usgs.gov/data/2007/07001/> 07002: <http://quashnet.er.usgs.gov/data/2007/07002/> 07003: <http://quashnet.er.usgs.gov/data/2007/07003/> 08002: <http://quashnet.er.usgs.gov/data/2008/08002/>

Purpose:

The purpose of this GeoTIFF is to publish the acoustic backscatter of the seafloor acquired with the 117-kHz SWATHplus interferometric sonar offshore of Massachusetts within northern Cape Cod Bay. The Klein 3000 sidescan sonar was primary sonar used to acquire acoustic backscatter during surveys 06012, 07001, 07002, and 08002. However, during August 1-2, 2007 (07002), the winch used to deploy the Klein 3000 sidescan sonar towfish was inoperable. The acoustic backscatter acquired with the 117-kHz SWATHplus interferometric sonar was processed to cover this data gap in the Klein 3000 backscatter data.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20070801

Ending_Date: 20070802

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.603122

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.480408

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.081631

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.925067

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey

Theme_Keyword: USGS

Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Theme_Keyword: CMGP

Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC

Theme_Keyword: Backscatter

Theme_Keyword: Sidescan

Theme_Keyword: Sonar

Theme_Keyword: Seafloor

Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology

Theme_Keyword: Mosaic

Theme_Keyword: Interferometric Sonar

Theme_Keyword: SWATHplus

Theme_Keyword: SEA

Theme_Keyword: 117 kHz

Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF

Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 07002

Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2007-002-FA

Theme_Keyword: R/V Megan T. Miller

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal

Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries

Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Place_Keyword: North America

Place_Keyword: United States

Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean

Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine

Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Bay

Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay

Place_Keyword: Duxbury

Place_Keyword: Provincetown

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Temporal_Keyword: 2007

Access_Constraints: None.

Use_Constraints:

These data are not for navigational use. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1006/GIS/browse_jpg/CCB_Swath_bs_1m.jpg>

Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

gray-scale thumbnail image of SWATHplus backscatter collected offshore of Massachusetts within the northern Cape Cod Bay.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt

Originator: Brian D. Andrews

Originator: Bradford Butman

Publication_Date: 2006

Title:

High-Resolution Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Nahant to Gloucester, Massachusetts

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2005-1293

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1293/>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Seth D. Ackerman

Originator: Bradford Butman

Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt

Originator: William W. Danforth

Originator: James M. Crocker

Publication_Date: 2006

Title:

High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Boston Harbor and Approaches, Massachusetts

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2006-1008

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt

Originator: Brian D. Andrews

Originator: Seth D. Ackerman

Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin

Originator: Christopher J. Hein

Publication_Date: 2009

Title:

High-Resolution Geological Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2007-1373

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt

Originator: Seth D. Ackerman

Originator: Brian D. Andrews

Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin

Publication_Date: 2010

Title:

Geophysical and Sampling Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Duxbury to Hull, Massachusetts

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2009-1072

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1072/>

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). No data value is set to 255.

Completeness_Report:

This image does not include all backscatter data collected with the SWATHplus (117 kHz) interferometric sonar. It includes only SWATHplus backscatter data collected during JD 213-214 covering the data gap in the towed Klein sidescan-sonar backscatter data.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The SWATHplus transducers were mounted on a rigid pole, approximately 2.6 m below the water line, along the starboard side of the R/V Megan T. Miller. Position data were provided by the Z-Surveyor Extreme for real-time kinematic (RTK) navigation (the Ashtech BR2G Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) was used as a backup navigation system) and recorded to the raw data files (SXR) via SWATHplus (version 2.07) on the acquisition computer. A conservative estimate of positional accuracy is estimated to be 10 m although when the system was recording RTK navigation the positional accuracy may be <1 m as RTK-GPS provides horizontal positional accuracies on the decimeter scale (<http://www.noaa.gov>; <http://www.nos.noaa.gov>; <http://www.ngs.noaa.gov>).

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Contribution:

Sonar Configuration: Bathymetry data were acquired with a Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus 117 kHz interferometric sonar. Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots and were spaced 150 m apart to obtain overlapping swaths of data and full coverage of the seafloor. The transducers were mounted on a rigid pole on the starboard side of the R/V Megan Miller, about 2.6 m below the waterline. A Coda Octopus F-180 inertial-motion unit, mounted directly above the transducers, measured true heading, vertical displacement (heave) and attitude (pitch and roll) of the vessel during acquisition.

Navigation: Navigation was based on a Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS); the RTK-GPS antenna was mounted directly above the interferometric sonar head. The RTK-corrected GPS signal was sent to the ship from a base station established by the USGS on land. Horizontal (x and y) and vertical (z) offsets between the transducers and motion sensor and antenna and motion sensor were precisely measured and recorded within the SWATHplus acquisition software (SEA Swath Processor (2005)). These offsets are used to establish the motion sensor as the common reference point for data acquisition.

Speed of Sound: Additionally, the depth of the transducers below the water surface was measured and recorded within the SEA Swath Processor acquisition software. This depth was used to derive the speed of sound profile and acoustic ray path based on speed of sound profiles collected within the survey area. Sound-velocity profiles were collected approximately every 2 hours by a hand-casted Applied MicroSystems SV Plus sound velocimeter.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 1: Raw to Processed Conversion: Each raw SWATHplus bathymetric sonar file (sxr) was converted to a SWATHplus processed file (sxp) using SEA SWATHplus Swath Processor (ver.3.6). During the conversion process, sound velocity profiles were used to minimize potential refraction artifacts from fluctuations in the speed of sound within the water column. Various bathymetric filters were applied to flag sounding outliers however all data (flagged/unflagged) were converted to the processed file. During this conversion process the tidal information from the previous process step was merged into the new processed file (sxp).

Process_Date: 200910

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 2: SXP Tools: Each sxp file was processed through a java-based SXPTools (version date 17 Sep 09) developed by David Finlayson at USGS. This routine was developed to look at all the soundings and normalize the data. Parameters are below: Command: sxpeng -insxp -outsxp_bs.

Process_Date: 200910

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Step 3:CARIS Import-geoTIFF export: Import each of the sxp processed files into CARIS ver 6.1 using the generic data parser. Once each of the sxps were converted to a CARIS line file, a mosaic using the amplitude option was made for each line. A separate GeoTIFF image was produced for each of the 6 line files.

Process_Date: 200910

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

PCI Mosaic: The odd and even tiff images were then imported into PCI Geomatica Software (version 10.1) and digitally mosaicked at a 1.0-m pixel resolution using PCI's OrthoEngine. The composite mosaic was registered in the UTM (Zone 19N, WGS84, meters) coordinate system and exported as a GeoTIFF image. A TIFF world file (tfw) was also generated for those who can't read a GeoTIFF.

Process_Date: 200910

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Row_Count: 17212

Column_Count: 9856

Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984

Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255) with the data range 1-255. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The background color is set to 0 and can be turned off without removing data values.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Distribution_Liability:

Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: WinZip

Format_Version_Number: 9.0

Format_Specification: GeoTIFF

Format_Information_Content:

WinZip file containing a GeoTIFF backscatter collected by the U.S. Geological Survey with a SEA 117 kHz interferometric sonar offshore of Massachusetts within Northern Cape Cod Bay.

File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip

Transfer_Size: 16.0 Mb

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1006/GIS/raster/backscatter/CCB_Swath_bs_1m.zip>

Offline_Option:

Offline_Media: DVD-ROM

Recording_Capacity:

Recording_Density: 4.75

Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes

Recording_Format: UDF

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites:

This Zip file contains a GeoTIFF image and world file. To utilize these data the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20100908

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Brian Andrews

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geographer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>

Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile