Database of recent tsunami deposits

Metadata also available as

Frequently-anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title: Database of recent tsunami deposits
Abstract:
This report describes a database of sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits derived from published accounts of tsunami deposit investigations conducted shortly after the occurrence of a tsunami. The database contains 228 entries, each entry containing data from up to 71 categories. It includes data from 51 publications covering 15 tsunamis distributed between 16 countries. The database encompasses a wide range of depositional settings including tropical islands, beaches, coastal plains, river banks, agricultural fields, and urban environments. It includes data from both local tsunamis and teletsunamis. The data are valuable for interpreting prehistorical, historical, and modern tsunami deposits, and for the development of criteria to identify tsunami deposits in the geologic record.
Supplemental_Information:
This research was funded by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Catastrophic Hazards Project. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Susan Cochran and Steve Watt provided thoughtful reviews that improved this report.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Peters, Robert, and Jaffe, Bruce E. , August 2010, Database of recent tsunami deposits: Open-File Report USGS OFR 2010-1172, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Western Coastal and Marine Geology, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.799480
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: 156.967000
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.203592
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: -39.454178

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: August 2010
    Time_of_Day: unknown
    Currentness_Reference: publication date

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):

      • Entity point (228)

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees.

      The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Database of recent tsunami deposits
    Data assembled for this report (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Entry number
    The number of the entry in the database (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Country
    The country where the site is located (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Location - general
    The state, city, or other regional designation used to locate the site of the deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Site name - specific
    The specific name of the site investigated. If more than one site is listed and coordinates apply to only one location, or if coordinates are supplied for more than one site, coordinates will be assigned in the order of the sites listed and sites with coordinates will be denoted by an asterisk (*). In some cases, general data are given for a wide area in one entry labeled "general", then specific data are given for specific site, transects, or cores in subsequent entries. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Transect number or designation
    If data are derived from a single or group of transects, and multiple transects or groups of transects exist at the site, a transect designation is included. If the data represent a compilation or condensation of data derived from all transects, no transect designation is given. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Core or trench number
    The core or trench designation, or group of cores or trenches, that the data are derived from (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Latitude (decimal degrees)
    Latitude of site where data were collected. The most precise location supplied by the authors is used. For example, if location data for a specific core or trench are supplied, this will be used. If not, site location data will be used. If multiple locations are given for a single entry, such as GPS coordinates for a group of cores or transects, a representative latitude or a range will be given. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Longitude (decimal degrees)
    Longitude of site where data were collected. The most precise location supplied by the authors is used. For example, if location data for a specific core or trench are supplied, this will be used. If not, site location data will be used. If multiple locations are given for a single entry, such as GPS coordinates for a group of cores or transect, a representative latitude or a range will be given. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Source of location data
    Latitudes and longitudes reported by the authors are used, when possible, either from the primary publication or directly from one of the authors of the publication. If location data are not supplied by the author, Google Earth or Google Maps were used to derive a general location based on place names supplied by the authors. Some locations were too general to assign coordinates. Latitudes and longitudes other than those supplied by the authors are for general location reference only and may not precisely or accurately represent a site location (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Date surveyed
    Dates, year, or period survey was conducted. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Method of investigation (field methods)
    The method used to investigate tsunami sedimentation. Common investigative methods are trenches, gouge cores, cut banks, for example. Specific field methods may not be presented here, and the original citation should be consulted for details. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Laboratory analyses performed
    List of technical analyses performed on samples from the deposit, such as grain size or foraminiferal. Specific analytical techniques are not presented here, and the original citation should be consulted for details (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Depositional setting
    Depositional setting for tsunami or storm sedimentation, such as lake, coastal marsh, freshwater marsh, for example. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Physiographic setting
    The physiographic setting in which the tsunami deposits are located. The physiographic setting affects the flow conditions of the tsunami, and, therefore, sedimentation. Physiographic setting also may influence how some tsunami parameters, such as inundation, are measured. Some aspects of the geologic setting may be presented as well. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Inundation reference
    Inundation distance for open coastal settings is the maximum distance inland, normal to the shoreline, inundated by the tsunami. However, in other physiographic settings, the term inundation distance is subject to interpretation and the definition may change depending on the focus of the study. In a large bay or estuary, which may extend several kilometers inland from the open coast, a tsunami may propagate up a bay or even be focused by the bay. A tsunami that has a relatively small inundation distance in an open coastal setting or along a coastal cliff may travel a greater distance up a river or estuary. Therefore, when considering inundation distance, it is important to note the physiographic setting and the reference point from which inundation distance is measured. When known, the reference point for measuring the inundation distance is given. "Open coast" means the inundation distance is measured normal to the trend of the shoreline. When warranted, a more specific reference may be given. "River mouth" means the distance is measured from the mouth of the river or estuary, perpendicular to the trend of the coast at the river mouth. "Up river" means the distance up a river or estuary and will not necessarily be in a straight line but will follow the course of the river. "Bay shore" means perpendicular to the trend of the shore within a bay. When "bay shore" is added to river descriptions it means the distance is measured from the mouth of a river that flows into a bay. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Barrier height (m)
    The height, in meters, of any barrier, such as a dune or beach ridge, that the tsunami must overtop before reaching the depositional zone. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Recent, historical, or prehistorical
    All entries in this database are recent tsunami deposits. This column is included for comparison with other databases. Though these terms may infer a relative age for a deposit, they do not refer to a specific time period. "Recent" indicates that data were collected soon after the sediment was deposited. No criteria have been established yet in literature to define or limit the time period termed "recent", but for an event termed "recent", tsunami sediment survey teams are organized soon after an event to document, measure and/or sample sediment before it has been disturbed by natural or anthropogenic processes. Ideally, this is immediately after the event, but if the event causes significant damage or loss of life, sediment survey teams usually arrive after initial relief efforts have been completed. A recent event is usually present at the surface. Follow-up studies occurring months to years after the event also may be termed "recent". "Historical" refers to events recorded in the historical record that are recognized in the sedimentary record. "Prehistorical" refers to events only known through the sedimentary record. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    # Tsunamis at site
    At some sites, more than one recent tsunami deposit was documented. Some studies also included a paleotsunami component to the investigation. The number of tsunamis preserved in geologic record at the site, from the surface to the maximum depth investigated are listed here. However, no details of historical or paleo-tsunami deposits are included in the database, even if they occur at the same site as a recent tsunami deposit. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Event #
    If more than one event is preserved, this entry represents the number of the tsunami event described. Event numbers increase down-core or section . At present, all events included in the database are recent. At some sites, more than one recent tsunami deposit was documented. MacInnes and others, (2009b) report results from deposits by two recent tsunamis from the Kuril Islands. The most recent tsunami (January 13, 2007) is assigned event # 1 and the earlier tsunami (November 15, 2006) is assigned event # 2. Jaffe and others (2006) report two recent tsunamis on the island of Simeulue, Indonesia, but only data from the December 26, 2004, tsunami was presented in the report, so only results from the December 26, 2004, tsunami (event # 1) is included in the database (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Date of tsunami
    The date the tsunami occurred (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Name/designation of tsunami
    The name or designation of the tsunami. This often is the name of the region the tsunami originated or the area of its greatest impact. If more than one name is reported in the literature, the most accepted name is reported (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Recurrence interval
    If historical or paleotsunami surveys at the site allow calculation of a recurrence interval for tsunamis at the site, it is reported here. Recurrence intervals based on methods other than tsunami deposits are not reported (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Cause of tsunami
    A summary of the cause of the tsunami, such as earthquake, submarine landslide, or volcano (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Locally generated or teletsunami
    This entry designates if the tsunami was generated locally, relative to the site being described, or has traveled long distances or across ocean basins (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Tsunami height (m)
    The reported size, in meters, of the tsunami at the site location. This statistic represents the size of the wave relative to sea level. It is different than the water depth, which is reported relative to ground level (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Tsunami water depth at site (m)
    The maximum depth, in meters, of the water caused by the tsunami above the ground surface, estimated at the site, transect, core, or trench location. Surveys may use physical data, eye-witness reports, or a combination of the two to estimate water depth. Physical evidence may be broken branches, sediment deposits on structures, debris in trees, trim lines, or water marks. These are usually minimum estimates. Estimates based on eye-witness reports may overestimate or underestimate water depth. Original reference should be consulted for methods used to estimate water depth data. Water depth is different than tsunami height, which is measured relative to sea level. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    # Waves reported
    The number of waves reported to have inundated the site. This may be from eye-witness accounts or interpreted from the tsunami deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Maximum inundation at site (m)
    The maximum inland extent of wave inundation, in meters, at the site. (see "inundation reference"). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Maximum run-up (m)
    The elevation of wave inundation at the limit of inundation at the site, in meters above mean sea level unless otherwise noted (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Maximum inland extent of sedimentation (m)
    The shore-parallel extent of tsunami-deposited sediment, in meters at a site. If a specific flow path is indicated, distance may be described along the flow path. Any change from shore-normal distance will be noted and described (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Lateral extent of sedimentation (km)
    The shore-parallel extent of sediment, in kilometers at a site. Any change from shore-parallel in this column will be noted and described (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Maximum sediment elevation (m)
    The maximum elevation of sediment at a site or along a transect, in meters above sea level (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Distance from shore to deposit investigated (m)
    The distance, in meters, to site of core or trench where deposits are described. Unless otherwise noted, the distance is shore-normal. Any deviation from shore-normal distance will be noted and described (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Deposit Elevation (m)
    The elevation of land surface at site of core or trench where deposits are described, in meters above sea level (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Geometry
    The two and three-dimensional characteristics of the deposit describing the shape and extent of the deposit, such as landward thinning, hummocky, or sand sheet. The entry may include descriptions of lateral changes in thickness and brief discussions of controlling factors (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Deposit Thickness (cm)
    The tsunami deposit thickness, in centimeters (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Vertical reference
    Measurements or descriptions are often referenced to the top, bottom, or a specific location within the deposit. This entry defines where subsequent vertical measurements are referenced to (that is 0 cm = base of deposit, top of deposit, surface, or other reference as given in the publication). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    # Layers
    The number of distinct layers or beds within the deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Layer thickness (cm)
    If more than one layer is present, the thickness, in centimeters, of the individual layers within the deposit (layer thickness of a single layer deposit is "deposit thickness" above). If layer numbers are assigned and used throughout the publication, layer numbers correspond to those used in the publication. If the author presents no numbering scheme and a vertical reference is indicated, layer numbers increase from the vertical reference. If no vertical reference is indicated, layer one corresponds to the uppermost layer in the sequence and layer numbers increase down-section. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Layer characteristics
    Sedimentary characteristics of the individual layers as described in the publication. Layer numbers correspond to and/or follow the criteria used for "layer thickness" above (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Underlying material
    A description of the material directly below the deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Basal contact
    The nature of the basal contact of the deposit, including vertical rate of change (gradual, sharp, or abrupt) and process-oriented descriptions (such as erosional), or other descriptions relating to the nature of the contact (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Overlying material
    A description of the material overlying the deposit. Overlying material is usually absent in a recent tsunami deposit. However, if enough time has passed between the event and the investigation, and if the deposit is in a depositional (as opposed to an erosional) setting, sediments may overly a recent deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Upper contact
    If deposit is covered by overlying material, this describes the nature of the upper contact of the deposit, including vertical rate of change (gradual, sharp, or abrupt) and process-oriented descriptions (such as erosional), or other descriptions relating to the nature of the contact (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Surface features
    Features (such as ripples or mud cracks) present at the upper surface of the deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size statistics - mean
    This column is reserved for numerical statistics, although it may contain text qualifiers (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size statistics - median
    This column is reserved for numerical statistics, although it may contain text qualifiers (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size statistics - mode
    This column is reserved for numerical statistics, although it may contain text qualifiers (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size statistics - standard deviation
    This column is reserved for numerical statistics, although it may contain text qualifiers (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size statistics - skewness
    This column is reserved for numerical statistics, although it may contain text qualifiers (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size statistics - kurtosis
    This column is reserved for numerical statistics, although it may contain text qualifiers (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain size - text descriptions
    A description of sediment grain size condensed from publication text. Textual descriptions of grain sizes for the sand fraction often follow the Udden-Wentworth scale (Udden, 1914; Wentworth, 1922) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Granules to boulders
    Grain sizes larger than the sand fraction present in the deposit, including granules, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Mud, clay or silt
    Grain sizes smaller than the sand fraction present in the deposit, including silt, clay, or an unspecified combination (mud) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Vertical grading
    Vertical changes in grain size distribution. Grading descriptions may describe the whole deposit or individual or specific beds or portions of the deposit. Normal grading fines upwards; reverse grading coarsens upwards; massive indicates no discernable changes in grain size or bedding (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Lateral grading
    Changes in grain size laterally within the deposit, such as landward coarsening or fining (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Mode - text descriptions
    Text descriptions of the mode or modes of the grain size distribution of the deposit. No attempt is made in this column to interpret numerical statistics (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Sorting - text descriptions
    Text descriptions of grain size sorting within the deposit. Sorting may be statistically described by the standard deviation of the grain size distribution. Numerical calculations of standard deviation (sorting) are given in a separate column. Well-sorted deposits contain a narrow range of grain sizes, poorly-sorted deposits contain a wide range of grain sizes (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Skewness - text descriptions
    Text descriptions of the skewness of the grain size distribution of the deposit. No attempt is made in this column to interpret numerical statistics (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Kurtosis - text descriptions
    Text descriptions of the kurtosis of the grain size distribution of the deposit. No attempt is made in this column to interpret numerical statistics (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Grain texture
    Texture descriptions, excluding grain size (given previously), including angularity and surface roughness of the grains comprising the deposit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Other sedimentary structures or properties
    Other sedimentary characteristics or properties of the deposit described by the authors (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Composition
    Mineralogical or chemical composition or lithic descriptions of the deposits. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Microflora and microfauna - foraminifera, diatoms, for example:
    Foraminifera, diatoms, and other microfossil assemblages within the deposit. This entry also may list any changes or similarities between the deposit and underlying and overlying material or surrounding environments. It is beyond the scope of the database to list all species below, within, or above the deposit. General results of diatom analyses are presented here. Individual publications should be consulted for specific data (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Pollen
    Changes in pollen assemblages between the underlying material, the tsunami or storm deposit, and the overlying material, can help determine sediment source and post-event environmental changes to the depositional system. It is beyond the scope of the database to list all species below, within, or above the deposit. General results of pollen analyses are presented here. Individual publications should be consulted for specific data (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Macroscopic organics
    Macroscopic organic inclusions in the deposit, such as shells, roots, woody debris, vegetation, and peat are listed here (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Flow direction
    If a flow direction has been determined by the authors, it is listed here. Flow direction may be a compass direction, may be referenced to a point, or may be descriptive, such as landward, return flow, or shore-parallel (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Additional comments or data
    This column is for any additional information pertaining to the data, qualifying data presented, or for any additional data that does not fit into the preceding categories (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

    Reference
    The type of publication (such as peer-reviewed journal, conference proceedings, U.S. Geological Survey report, or technical paper) the paper is published in (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    The U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this research.

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    United States Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
    c/o Bruce E. Jaffe
    Oceanographer
    400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060
    USA

    831-427-4742 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    bjaffe@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are intended for science researchers, students, and the general public.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    For details, see "Structure of the database" section in Peters, R., and Jaffe, B.E., 2010, Database of recent tsunami deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1172, 23p.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
    c/o Bruce E. Jaffe
    Oceanographer
    400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060
    USA

    831-427-4742 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    bjaffe@usgs.gov

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Care should be exercised in using thesis data. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented in this report. The data are derived from a variety of studies with differences in focus, scope, and intent. Details concerning techniques, errors, difficulties, inconsistencies, and potential alternate interpretations of the data are beyond the scope of this report. These are usually site-specific and the original citation should be consulted regarding the context of the data. This report contains data from both peer-reviewed journals and from publications not typically subjected to extensive peer review, such as technical papers or conference proceedings. Abstracts are not used in the database. A column for the type of publication is included in the database. While the degree of conformity to standard methods has increased as tsunami deposit studies have become more common, techniques still varied widely among the many studies and the accuracy and precision between separate entries may not be comparable. No attempt has been made in this report to quantify errors. It is recommended that the original reference, supplied for each entry, be consulted before using data compiled in this report.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Latitudes and longitudes reported by the authors are used, when possible, either from the primary publication or directly from one of the authors of the publication. If location data are not supplied by the author, Google Earth or Google Maps were used to derive a general location based on place names supplied by the authors. Some locations were too general to assign coordinates. Latitudes and longitudes other than those supplied by the authors are for general location reference only and may not precisely or accurately represent a site location.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    For information about omissions, selection criteria, generalization, definitions used, and other rules used to derive the data set, see Peters, R. and Jaffe, B.E., 2010, Database of recent tsunami deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1172, 23p.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    For an explanation of the fidelity of relationships in the data set and tests used, see Peters, R. and Jaffe, B.E., 2010, Database of recent tsunami deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1172, 23p.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints:
If physical samples or materials are available, constraints on their on-site access are described in "WR CMG Sample Distribution Policy" at URL: <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/main/sample-dist-policy.html>
Use_Constraints:
Not suitable for navigation.
Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use.
Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Originator, when using the data set as a source. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Share data products developed using the source data set with the Originator.
Data should not be used beyond the limits of the source scale. This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
The data set is NOT a survey document and should not be utilized as such. Some USGS information accessed through this means may be preliminary in nature and presented without the approval of the Director of the USGS. This information is provided with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete and conclusions drawn from such information are the responsibility of the user.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    United States Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
    c/o Bruce E. Jaffe
    Oceanographer
    400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, CA 95060
    USA

    831-427-4742 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    bjaffe@usgs.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    Open-File Report 2010-1172

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Physical materials are under controlled on-site access. Some USGS information accessed through this means may be preliminary in nature and presented without the approval of the Director of the USGS. This information is provided with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete and conclusions drawn from such information are the responsibility of the user.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 10-Sep-2010
Metadata author:
United States Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
c/o Bruce E. Jaffe
Oceanographer
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
USA

831-427-4742 (voice)
831-427-4748 (FAX)
bjaffe@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.6 on Fri Sep 10 10:47:28 2010