mosaic4.jpg: 0.3 meter backscatter JPEG image (with world file) of the nearshore seafloor off of Avalon Beach, NC (UTM Zone 18N, WGS84)

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dr. Jesse McNinch

Publication_Date: 2013

Title:

mosaic4.jpg: 0.3 meter backscatter JPEG image (with world file) of the nearshore seafloor off of Avalon Beach, NC (UTM Zone 18N, WGS84)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2011-1015

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage:

<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data/backscatter/nearshore/mosaic4.zip>

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data_catalog.html>

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: E.R. Thieler

Originator: D.S. Foster

Originator: D.M. Mallinson

Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss

Originator: J.E. McNinch

Originator: J.H. List

Originator: E.S. Hammar-Klose

Publication_Date: 2013

Title:

Quaternary Geophysical Framework of the Northeastern North Carolina Coastal System

Edition: 1

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2011-1015

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/>

Description:

Abstract:

The northeastern North Carolina coastal system, from False Cape, Virginia, to Cape Lookout, North Carolina, has been studied by a cooperative research program that mapped the Quaternary geologic framework of the estuaries, barrier islands, and inner continental shelf. This information provides a basis to understand the linkage between geologic framework, physical processes, and coastal evolution at time scales from storm events to millennia. The study area attracts significant tourism to its parks and beaches, contains a number of coastal communities, and supports a local fishing industry, all of which are impacted by coastal change. Knowledge derived from this research program can be used to mitigate hazards and facilitate effective management of this dynamic coastal system.
This regional mapping project produced spatial datasets of high-resolution geophysical (bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic reflection) and sedimentary (core and grab-sample) data. The high-resolution geophysical data were collected during numerous surveys within the back-barrier estuarine system, along the barrier island complex, in the nearshore, and along the inner continental shelf. Sediment cores were taken on the mainland and along the barrier islands, and both cores and grab samples were taken on the inner shelf. Data collection was a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and several other institutions including East Carolina University (ECU), the North Carolina Geological Survey, and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS).
The high-resolution geophysical data of the inner continental shelf were collected during six separate surveys conducted between 1999 and 2004 (four USGS surveys north of Cape Hatteras: 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA, 2002-013-FA, and two USGS surveys south of Cape Hatteras: 2003-003-FA and 2004-003-FA) and cover more than 2600 square kilometers of the inner shelf. Single-beam bathymetry data were collected north of Cape Hatteras in 1999 using a Furuno fathometer. Swath bathymetry data were collected on all other inner shelf surveys using a SEA, Ltd. SwathPLUS 234-kHz bathymetric sonar. Chirp seismic data as well as sidescan-sonar data were collected with a Teledyne Benthos (Datasonics) SIS-1000 north of Cape Hatteras along with boomer seismic reflection data (cruises 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA and 2002-013-FA). An Edgetech 512i was used to collect chirp seismic data south of Cape Hatteras (cruises 2003-003-FA and 2004-003-FA) along with a Klein 3000 sidescan-sonar system. Sediment samples were collected with a Van Veen grab sampler during four of the USGS surveys (1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-013-FA, and 2004-003-FA). Additional sediment core data along the inner shelf are provided from previously published studies.
A cooperative study, between the North Carolina Geological Survey and the Minerals Management Service (MMS cores), collected vibracores along the inner continental shelf offshore of Nags Head, Kill Devils Hills and Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1996. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers collected vibracores along the inner shelf offshore of Dare County in August 1995 (NDC cores) and July-August 1995 (SNL cores). These cores are curated by the North Carolina Geological Survey and were used as part of the ground validation process in this study.
Nearshore geophysical and core data were collected by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The nearshore is defined here as the region between the 10-m isobath and the shoreline. High-resolution bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and chirp seismic data were collected between June 2002 and May 2004. Vibracore samples were collected in May and July 2005.
Shallow subsurface geophysical data were acquired along the Outer Banks barrier islands using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system. Data were collected by East Carolina University from 2002 to 2005. Rotasonic cores (OBX cores) from five drilling operations were collected from 2002 to 2006 by the North Carolina Geological Survey as part of the cooperative study with the USGS. These cores are distributed throughout the Outer Banks as well as the mainland.
The USGS collected seismic data for the Quaternary section within the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system between 2001 and 2004 during six surveys (2001-013-FA, 2002-015-FA, 2003-005-FA , 2003-042-FA, 2004-005-FA, and 2004-006-FA). These surveys used Geopulse Boomer and Knudsen Engineering Limited (KEL) 320BR Chirp systems, except cruise 2003-042-FA, which used an Edgetech 424 Chirp and a boomer system. The study area includes Albemarle Sound and selected tributary estuaries such as the South, Pungo, Alligator, and Pasquotank Rivers; Pamlico Sound and trunk estuaries including the Neuse and Pamlico Rivers; and back-barrier sounds including Currituck, Croatan, Roanoke, Core, and Bogue.

Purpose:

A regional survey of the North Carolina Outer Banks simultaneously collected nearshore bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data using an interferometric swath system (Submetrix series 2000) at a frequency of 234 kHz. This system allows interpretation of the spatial relationship of bathymetry to sediment distribution by enabling distinction between acoustic returns of high incident angles from seafloor sediments with high backscatter characteristics, and by eliminating the need to account for towfish layback artifacts. The system was mounted on the bow of an amphibious vehicle (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility-operated LARC5) and was used in conjunction with a motion sensor (TSSDM05), compass, and real-time kinematic global positioning system to obtain horizontal and vertical precision of about 10 cm.
Acoustic backscatter is displayed as grayscale image where values correspond to the varied strength of the returned beam signal. The intensity of the sound signal received by the sonar tow vehicle is digitally represented as high (light-toned) or low (dark-toned) backscatter. Backscatter signals are influenced by the amount of acoustic signal reflected off of the seafloor. High backscatter indicates a strong signal reflection and symbolizes areas of coarse material. Low backscatter implies a weak signal reflection and marks areas of fine surficial sediment.

Supplemental_Information:

Acquisition System: Submetrix 2000 Series Interferometric System Frequency: 234 kHz Motion Sensor Information: TSS DM05 (motion); KVH Compass (heading only) Navigation: Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) Raw Data Format: proprietary binary format *.sxr Survey Layout: The entire survey area (~40 km alongshore distance) was separated into eight 5 km blocks, Block 1 being the most northern area and Block 8, the farthest south. Approximately 12 lines were planned in each block: 10 shore-parallel and 2 shore-perpendicular. The line closest to shore was line 1 while line 10 was the furthest from shore (~W to E). The spacing between the 5 innermost and outermost lines was 100 m and 150 m respectively. The spacing between the shore-perpendicular lines was ~2.5 km. Not all lines were surveyed depending on time/weather/equipment constraints. The naming convention of the shore-parallel lines is the block# followed by an underscore which is then followed by the line number (blockx_linex). The naming of the shore-perpendicular lines varied, but generally started with the block #, underscore and the whether the line was in the north or south of the survey block (blockx_ntie, etc).

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20020531

Ending_Date: 20020614

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.687110

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.650885

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.071169

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.026462

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar

Theme_Keyword: sidescan

Theme_Keyword: backscatter

Theme_Keyword: acoustic backscatter

Theme_Keyword: interferometry

Theme_Keyword: greyscale

Theme_Keyword: grayscale

Theme_Keyword: seafloor mapping

Theme_Keyword: marine geology

Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey

Theme_Keyword: USGS

Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Theme_Keyword: CMGP

Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC

Theme_Keyword: Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Theme_Keyword: VIMS

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries

Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal

Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover

Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General

Place_Keyword: Avalon Beach

Place_Keyword: Oregon Inlet

Place_Keyword: North Carolina

Place_Keyword: NC

Place_Keyword: Outer Banks

Place_Keyword: East Coast

Place_Keyword: United States

Place_Keyword: North America

Place_Keyword: Nearshore

Place_Keyword: Surf Zone

Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The USGS asks that Dr. Jesse McNinch from the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences be referenced as the originator of this dataset in any future products or publications.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Jesse McNinch

Contact_Organization:

(formerly) Virginia Institute of Marine Science (currently) US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center Field Research Facility

Contact_Position: Director

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: USACE-CEERD-HC-F

Address: Field Research Facility

Address: 1261 Duck Road

City: Kitty Hawk

State_or_Province: NC

Postal_Code: 27949-4472

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (252)261-6840 ext 243

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Jesse.Mcninch@usace.army.mil

Data_Set_Credit:

Pelican Lab ~ McNinch Lab at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Schupp, C.A.

Originator: McNinch, J.E.

Originator: List, J.H.

Publication_Date: 2006

Title:

Nearshore shore-oblique bars, gravel outcrops, and their correlation to shoreline change

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Marine Geology

Issue_Identification: v.233, n.1-4, pp.63-79

Publication_Information:

Publisher: Elsevier

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Differences in contrast stretch (DN values) exist because of variations in sea and weather conditions on each survey day.

Completeness_Report:

This image represents all backscatter data. Gaps may occur along-track and between adjacent lines.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The Submetrix (2000 series) interferometric swath system data was navigated with a real-time kinematic global positioning system with an accuracy of approximately 15 cm.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The backscatter signal from the interferometric survey was processed using SonarWeb and/or SonarWiz software. Raw *.sxr files were read directly into SonarWeb producing a gridded mosaic and are provided as an image file (*.jpg) and associated reference navigation file (*.jgw).

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Jesse McNinch

Contact_Organization:

(formerly) Virginia Institute of Marine Science (currently) US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center Field Research Facility

Contact_Position: Director

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: USACE-CEERD-HC-F

Address: Field Research Facility

Address: 1261 Duck Road

City: Kitty Hawk

State_or_Province: NC

Postal_Code: 27949-4472

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (252)261-6840 ext 243

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Jesse.Mcninch@usace.army.mil

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The backscatter image was adjusted so that the color ramp display corresponds to the display of the inner shelf backscatter where coarser-grained material is light-toned and finer-grained material is dark-toned. The symbology of the nearshore mosaic was modified in Adobe Photoshop CS5. The levels option was selected and the color range was inverted. Input values that were originally assigned 0 were assigned an output value of 255. Input values that were originally 255 were assigned an output value of 0 (all values in between were also inverted). The background value of the image is 0 (black) and can be set to no color in the symbology properties. While 0 is the assigned background data value, it may also occur within the mosaic.

Process_Date: 20110624

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Emily Himmelstoss

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Road

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2262

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Row_Count: 16456

Column_Count: 10764

Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 18

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.300000

Ordinate_Resolution: 0.300000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984

Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

There are no attributes associated with a JPEG image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255) with the data range 1-255. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). Most of the NODATA area in the JPEG image (outside the survey bounds) have a backscatter pixel value of 0.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Jesse McNinch

Contact_Organization:

(formerly) Virginia Institute of Marine Science (currently) US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center Field Research Facility

Contact_Position: Director

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: USACE-CEERD-HC-F

Address: Field Research Facility

Address: 1261 Duck Road

City: Kitty Hawk

State_or_Province: NC

Postal_Code: 27949-4472

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (252)261-6840 ext 243

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Jesse.Mcninch@usace.army.mil

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Distribution_Liability:

Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS), nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: WinZip

Format_Version_Number: 9.0

Format_Information_Content:

This WinZip file contains the JPEG format acoustic backscatter mosaic, world file and associated metadata.

File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip

Transfer_Size: 46.5 MB

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data/backscatter/nearshore/mosaic4.zip>

Network_Resource_Name: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data_catalog.html>

Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW).

Offline_Option:

Offline_Media: DVD-ROM

Recording_Capacity:

Recording_Density: 4.75

Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes

Recording_Format: UDF

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites:

This image is available as a JPEG with associated image world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a JPEG image.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20110107

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Jesse McNinch

Contact_Organization:

(formerly) Virginia Institute of Marine Science (currently) US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center Field Research Facility

Contact_Position: Director

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: USACE-CEERD-HC-F

Address: Field Research Facility

Address: 1261 Duck Road

City: Kitty Hawk

State_or_Province: NC

Postal_Code: 27949-4472

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (252)261-6840 ext 243

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Jesse.Mcninch@usace.army.mil

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>

Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile