Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2013 Title: modsand: Isopach grid of the modern marine sand above the top of Pleistocene surface along the inner shelf from Virginia border to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (ESRI binary grid, 100 m cellsize, UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1015 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data/seismics/interpretation/modsand.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data_catalog.html Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: D.S. Foster Originator: D.M. Mallinson Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: J.E. McNinch Originator: J.H. List Originator: E.S. Hammar-Klose Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Quaternary Geophysical Framework of the Northeastern North Carolina Coastal System Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1015 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/ Description: Abstract: The northeastern North Carolina coastal system, from False Cape, Virginia, to Cape Lookout, North Carolina, has been studied by a cooperative research program that mapped the Quaternary geologic framework of the estuaries, barrier islands, and inner continental shelf. This information provides a basis to understand the linkage between geologic framework, physical processes, and coastal evolution at time scales from storm events to millennia. The study area attracts significant tourism to its parks and beaches, contains a number of coastal communities, and supports a local fishing industry, all of which are impacted by coastal change. Knowledge derived from this research program can be used to mitigate hazards and facilitate effective management of this dynamic coastal system. This regional mapping project produced spatial datasets of high-resolution geophysical (bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic reflection) and sedimentary (core and grab-sample) data. The high-resolution geophysical data were collected during numerous surveys within the back-barrier estuarine system, along the barrier island complex, in the nearshore, and along the inner continental shelf. Sediment cores were taken on the mainland and along the barrier islands, and both cores and grab samples were taken on the inner shelf. Data collection was a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and several other institutions including East Carolina University (ECU), the North Carolina Geological Survey, and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). The high-resolution geophysical data of the inner continental shelf were collected during six separate surveys conducted between 1999 and 2004 (four USGS surveys north of Cape Hatteras: 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA, 2002-013-FA, and two USGS surveys south of Cape Hatteras: 2003-003-FA and 2004-003-FA) and cover more than 2600 square kilometers of the inner shelf. Single-beam bathymetry data were collected north of Cape Hatteras in 1999 using a Furuno fathometer. Swath bathymetry data were collected on all other inner shelf surveys using a SEA, Ltd. SwathPLUS 234-kHz bathymetric sonar. Chirp seismic data as well as sidescan-sonar data were collected with a Teledyne Benthos (Datasonics) SIS-1000 north of Cape Hatteras along with boomer seismic reflection data (cruises 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA and 2002-013-FA). An Edgetech 512i was used to collect chirp seismic data south of Cape Hatteras (cruises 2003-003-FA and 2004-003-FA) along with a Klein 3000 sidescan-sonar system. Sediment samples were collected with a Van Veen grab sampler during four of the USGS surveys (1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-013-FA, and 2004-003-FA). Additional sediment core data along the inner shelf are provided from previously published studies. A cooperative study, between the North Carolina Geological Survey and the Minerals Management Service (MMS cores), collected vibracores along the inner continental shelf offshore of Nags Head, Kill Devils Hills and Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1996. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers collected vibracores along the inner shelf offshore of Dare County in August 1995 (NDC cores) and July-August 1995 (SNL cores). These cores are curated by the North Carolina Geological Survey and were used as part of the ground validation process in this study. Nearshore geophysical and core data were collected by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The nearshore is defined here as the region between the 10-m isobath and the shoreline. High-resolution bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and chirp seismic data were collected between June 2002 and May 2004. Vibracore samples were collected in May and July 2005. Shallow subsurface geophysical data were acquired along the Outer Banks barrier islands using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system. Data were collected by East Carolina University from 2002 to 2005. Rotasonic cores (OBX cores) from five drilling operations were collected from 2002 to 2006 by the North Carolina Geological Survey as part of the cooperative study with the USGS. These cores are distributed throughout the Outer Banks as well as the mainland. The USGS collected seismic data for the Quaternary section within the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system between 2001 and 2004 during six surveys (2001-013-FA, 2002-015-FA, 2003-005-FA, 2003-042-FA, 2004-005-FA, and 2004-006-FA). These surveys used Geopulse Boomer and Knudsen Engineering Limited (KEL) 320BR Chirp systems, except cruise 2003-042-FA, which used an Edgetech 424 Chirp and a boomer system. The study area includes Albemarle Sound and selected tributary estuaries such as the South, Pungo, Alligator, and Pasquotank Rivers; Pamlico Sound and trunk estuaries including the Neuse and Pamlico Rivers; and back-barrier sounds including Currituck, Croatan, Roanoke, Core, and Bogue. Purpose: The purpose of this data set is to map the thickness of modern marine sand above the top of Pleistocene surface using high-resolution seismic reflection data. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during twelve separate research cruises beginning in 1999 and ending in 2004. Approximately 13,600 line-km of high-resolution seismic reflection data were collected along the inner continental shelf and back barrier of North Carolina. These data will be used to characterize the subsurface of the seafloor for regional geologic framework investigations. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19991007 Ending_Date: 20040709 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.560638 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.288955 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.635224 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.520311 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: isopach Theme_Keyword: subbottom Theme_Keyword: chirp Theme_Keyword: seismic stratigraphy Theme_Keyword: geologic framework Theme_Keyword: modern sediment Theme_Keyword: depth Theme_Keyword: grid Theme_Keyword: seafloor mapping Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 1999-045-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2001-005-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2002-012-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2002-013-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2003-003-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2004-003-FA Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: NC Place_Keyword: Outer Banks Place_Keyword: inner shelf Place_Keyword: back barrier Place_Keyword: Albemarle Sound Place_Keyword: Pamlico Sound Place_Keyword: Duck Place_Keyword: Cape Hatteras Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data/seismics/interpretation/modsand.jpg Data_Set_Credit: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) must be referenced as the originator of the dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Grid values are floating point format. Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment: Attribute_Accuracy_Value: 0.1 Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation: The original data used for gridding was rounded to the nearest 0.1 meter. Logical_Consistency_Report: This grid represents interpolated data; processed to account for gaps that occurred along-track and between adjacent survey lines. Completeness_Report: All of the original data were used from chirp seismic reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Cruises 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA, and 2002-013-FA, used the SIS-1000 while cruises 2003-003-FA, and 2003-004-FA used the Edgetech 512i. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: For cruises 1999-045-FA, 2001-045-FA, 2002-012-FA, and 2002-013-FA Teledyne Benthos (Datasonics) SIS-1000 chirp lines were positioned using Differential GPS (DGPS), with accuracy less than 5 meters. The position (layback) were factored in the shotpoint position. Uncertainty of layback corrections likely degraded accuracy. The shotpoint position is relative to the DGPS antenna. For cruises 2003-003-FA, and 2004-003-FA, a GPS receiver was mounted on the Edgetech 512i Chirp that was towed aft of the ship, one meter below the water surface and positioned without differential corrections resulting in about 30 meters accuracy. Therefore total uncertainty is approximately 30 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Time zero of two-way travel time is relative to local sea surface. No corrections for sea level or tide variation are applied. For data acquired with the Datasonics SIS-1000, two-way travel time is relative to the SIS-1000 fish. Depth of the fish below the sea surface was determined with a pressure transducer mounted on the fish and was added to the total trace length assuming a velocity of 1500 m/s. The Edgetech 512i chirp was towed approximately 1 meter below the sea surface. No vertical correction was done. Approximate vertical accuracy is 1 meter. Lineage: Source_Information: Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19991007 Ending_Date: 19991027 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Contribution: The original data were derived from chirp seismic reflection data collected during U.S. Geological Survey inner shelf cruises using a Teledyne Benthos (Datasonics) SIS-1000 in 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA, and 2002-013-FA, and an Edgetech 512i in 2003-003-FA and 2003-004-FA. Source_Information: Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20010701 Ending_Date: 20010718 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Information: Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20020620 Ending_Date: 20020705 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Information: Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20020707 Ending_Date: 20020720 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Information: Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20030617 Ending_Date: 20030701 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Information: Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20040616 Ending_Date: 20040709 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Process_Step: Process_Description: For the SIS-1000: Seismic reflection data were acquired in Triton ISIS QMIPS format with UTM coordinates in header. The QMIPS format was converted to SEG-Y format with a C program (qmipstosegy). For the Edgetech 512i: Seismic reflection data were acquired using a Triton-Elics Delph Seismic acquisition system. The data were recorded in 16-bit integer standard SEG-Y format. DGPS navigation data were input in realtime to the acquisition system through HYPACK navigation software. The data are stored in the SEG-Y trace headers as UTM Zone 18 coordinates (meters). This process step and all subsequent steps were performed by the same person: David S. Foster. Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Unique UTM coordinates and associated shot point number were extracted from each SEG-Y header using Seismic Unix. Output was formatted with an AWK script for all surveys except 2003-003-FA and 2004-003-FA. For these two surveys, geographic coordinates and associated shot point number were extracted from the SEG-Y header using Seismic Unix. Geographic coordinates were projected into UTM coordinates using Proj 4.0, then formatted for output with an AWK script. Process_Step: Process_Description: Each SEG-Y data file was processed, filtered, and gain enhanced using Seismic Unix and SIOSIES software. Process_Step: Process_Description: The UTM coordinate pairs and two-way travel time attribute for the isochron horizon data were imported into Landmark Graphics seismic interpretation software SeisWorks R3000 (field activities 1999-045-FA, 2001-005-FA, 2002-012-FA, 2002-013-FA) and SeisVision R2003 (field activities 2003-003-FA and 2004-003-FA). The data was exported as an ASCII X, Y, and Z (two-way travel time) file. Null values were set to zero (assuming a sand thickness of zero for these areas). Process_Step: Process_Description: The ASCII data were converted to EarthVision 7.0 (Dynamic Graphics, Inc.) scattered data format with an AWK script. Process_Step: Process_Description: The scattered data were gridded with EarthVision 7.0. The isochron grid was edited using the graphic editor. Large areas of the grid that represented interpolation over NODATA areas were set to null values. The isochron grid was converted with the Formula Processor to thickness in meters using a velocity of 1650 m/s. The isopach cell values were exported as an ASCII x, y, and z file. Process_Step: Process_Description: The X, Y, and Z ASCII file was converted to an Arc format grid using xyz2grid.aml using ArcInfo Workstation 9.1. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 1668 Column_Count: 487 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 100.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 100.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: WinZip Format_Version_Number: 9.0 Format_Information_Content: Zip file containing ESRI GRID format raster, accessory info files and associated metadata for the modern marine sand isopach grid along the inner shelf from Virginia border to Cape Hatteras, NC File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 174 KB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data/seismics/interpretation/modsand.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1015/data_catalog.html Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW). This grid was compressed from a folder that contains other grids. Therefore, the accessory "info" folder contains data applicable to each individual grid. If the grids are saved to the same folder structure as outlined in the data catalog, it is safe to overwrite the "info" file, when prompted. All "info" files are identical and contain the required information for each grid within this directory structure. Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20110113 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile