Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Processed continuous resistivity profile data collected in Manhasset Bay on Long Island, New York on May 16, 2008 Edition: 1 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1041 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1041/data/resistivity/proc_resis/manhasset/may16_proc.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1041/html/catalog.html Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: V.A. Cross Originator: J.F. Bratton Originator: J. Crusius Originator: C.W. Kroeger Originator: C.W. Worley Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Continuous Resistivity Profiling Data from Northport Harbor and Manhasset Bay, Long Island, New York Edition: 1 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1041 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: CD-ROM Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1041/ Description: Abstract: An investigation of coastal groundwater systems was performed along the north shore of Long Island, New York during May 2008 to constrain nutrient delivery to Northport Harbor and Manhasset Bay by delineating locations of likely groundwater discharge. The embayments are bounded by steep moraines and are underlain by thick fine-grained sediments deposited in proglacial lakes during the last ice age. Beach sand and gravel overlie the glacial deposits along the coast. The continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) surveys that were conducted indicate the existence of low-salinity groundwater in shore-parallel bands, typically 25 to 50 meters wide, along the shorelines of both bays. Piezometer sampling and seepage meter deployments in intertidal and subtidal areas of the two bays confirmed the presence and discharge of brackish and low-salinity groundwater. The large tidal ranges (up to 3 meters), and the steep onshore topography and hydraulic gradients are important variables controlling coastal groundwater discharge in these areas. For more information on the survey involved in this project, see http://quashnet.er.usgs.gov/data/2008/08007/. Purpose: This dataset provides the processed continuous resistivity profile (CRP) data collected on May 16, 2008 in Manhasset Bay on Long Island, New York. The CRP system (AGI SuperSting) images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity. This also acts as an archive of these data. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20080516 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.731467 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.704467 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.833483 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.810733 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Number 2008-007-FA Theme_Keyword: Info Bank ID T-1-08-LI Theme_Keyword: continuous resistivity profile Theme_Keyword: CRP Theme_Keyword: navigation Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: water temperature Theme_Keyword: Lowrance GPS Theme_Keyword: AGI SuperSting Theme_Keyword: raw data Theme_Keyword: groundwater Theme_Keyword: submarine groundwater Theme_Keyword: R/V Terrapin Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: Long Island Place_Keyword: Manhasset Bay Place_Keyword: Nassau County Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.6.1500 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Advanced Geosciences, Inc. Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Instruction Manual for EarthImager 2D, version 2.2.8, Resistivity and IP inversion software Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Austin, Texas Publisher: Advanced Geosciences, Inc. Online_Linkage: http://www.agiusa.com Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Advanced Geosciences, Inc. Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Instruction Manual for the Marine Log Manager Module of the Administrator for SuperSting Software, Release 1.3.7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Austin, Texas Publisher: Advanced Geosciences, Inc. Online_Linkage: http://www.agiusa.com Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All the data files were handled in the same manner. All data collected on this day were collected with the 50-m streamer. Completeness_Report: All usable data collected on this day were processed, which on this day is all the files. The processed files are included in this dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The antenna was located at the anchor point for the resistivity streamer, which is also directly above the fathometer transducer mount point. The GPS system is published to be accurate to within 10 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: All bathymetry values were collected by the 200 kHz Lowrance fathometer. The fathometer was mounted starboard side aft, directly below the GPS antenna and the resistivity streamer tow point. The transducer was approximately 0.30 meters below the sea surface, and this draft was not corrected for. The Lowrance manufacturer indicates the speed of sound used by the system to convert to depths is 4800 feet/second (1463 meters/second). All values are assumed to be accurate to within 1 meter. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Contribution: The continuous resistivity profile (CRP) system used on this cruise was an AGI SuperSting marine system described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. Two different streamers were used for data collection - not simultaneously. One streamer was a 50-m streamer with an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 5 meters apart. The other streamer was a 15-m streamer with an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 1.5 meters apart. In both cases, the source electrodes are graphite, while the receiver electrodes are stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potential between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. The maximum depth below the water surface the streamer can reach is approximately ¼ the streamer length. So for the 50-m streamer, maximum depth is about 12.5 meters, while the 15 meter streamer can reach about 3.75 meters. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and the *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. The navigation system used in concert with the CRP system is a Lowrance LMS-480M with an LGC-2000 GPS antenna and a 200 kHz fathometer transducer. The transducer also contains a temperature sensor. Lowrance indicates the speed of sound used by the system is 4800 feet/second. Both the temperature and depth information are recorded in the logged GPS file. The CRP system images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity. Process_Step: Process_Description: The resistivity data (*.stg) were merged with the navigation data (*.gps) and linearized using AGI's Marine Log Manager software. (Note that the Marine Log Manager version is different than the software version of the AGISSAdmin software of which it is a part - although shipped together, the software is developed separately). The version of Marine Log Manager used was AGI SSAdmin MLM v 1.3.4.217. The GPS offset in MLM was set to 0. The output from this process is a linearized STG file and a DEP file which contains water depths at distances along line. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.stg Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gps Process_Date: 200805 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *lin.stg Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.dep Process_Step: Process_Description: Each DEP file was checked for anomalous bathymetry values, or duplicated distance along line values, and those lines in the file were deleted. Process_Date: 200805 Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthImager software does not require that a default resistivity value for the water column be supplied in the DEP file. If one is not supplied, then it calculates a value based on the first electrode pair. For this cruise instruments deployed in the field at the same time as the CRP data collection recorded water salinity and temperature. The salinity was measured at 22.3 ppt with an average water temperature of 15 degrees Celsius. Based on these values, the calculated water resistivity value is 0.35 ohm-m. This calculation was done using the website and using the 1/conductivity for the result. The water resistivity value was added to the appropriate place in the DEP files so that a known water resistivity value would be used in the calculations. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.dep Process_Date: 200805 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *wres.dep Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthImager version 2.2.8 build 562 was then used to process the data files. The *.ini file accompanying the results contains the parameters used during the processing. These parameters include: minimum voltage: 0.02; minimum abs(V/I): 2E-5; max repeat error: 3%; min apparent res: 0.03; max apparent res: 1000; max reciprocal error: 5%; remove negative resistivity, smooth model inversion; finite element method; Cholesky decomposition; Dirichlet boundary condition; thickness incremental factor: 1.1; depth factor: 1.1; max number of CG iterations: 100; stop criteria: number of iterations 8; max RMS 3%; error reduction 5%; L2Norm; CRP processing using a 65% overlap. These INI files can be loaded in EarthImager to help maintain consistent processing parameters for other datasets. When the files are processed, numerous files are generated. Because of the "roll-along" nature of the processing, each line takes several iterations of processing which are then combined into a single output. The output consists of numerous files including JPEG images and text files representing the XYZ position of each resistivity value. There are two JPEG image generated with each process when possible - a long version with the x-axis labeled with latitude and longitude values and a corresponding short version of the same information. The JPEG files produced use a color scale for the resistivity that is based on the data extent from that particular file. The JPEG images also include a plot of temperature along the line. In addition to the JPEG images, there are text files with the extensions of *.llt, and *.xyz. Each of these is a text file. The LLT file has four columns of information: longitude in decimal degrees, latitude in decimal degrees, depth in meters, and resistivity value in ohm-m. The XYZ file has three columns of information: distance along line in meters, depth in meters, and resistivity value in ohm-m. You can process an individual line as many times as you want and the software places the results in incrementing folder names starting with trial1. These data represent trial3, which is the processing with the water resistivity value. The white line appearing in most of the JPEG images is the seafloor position based on the bathymetry. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *lin.stg Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *wres.dep Process_Date: 200805 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.ini Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.llt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.xyz or *.dat Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg Process_Step: Process_Description: The XYZ output file was then loaded into MATLAB version 7.5.0.342 (R2007b), along with the depth information from the DEP file, to create a new JPEG image with the same color scale for all the data files. In this manner, the JPEG images can be compared directly. Care was taken to try to get the vertical and horizontal scales uniform as well, although this was not always possible due to MATLAB limitations. These images reside in the "matlabimages" folder (a sub-folder of the processed data folder). These JPEG images include a black line within the resistivity profile which represents the sediment water interface based on the depth values from the DEP file. The local MATLAB script used to load the 50-m streamer data was cp_lis_50m.m. The local MATLAB script used to export the JPEG image was exportfig.m. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.xyz or *.dat Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *wres.dat Process_Date: 201010 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg Process_Step: Process_Description: Corel PhotoPaint v. 11 was used to crop excess white space from around the MATLAB resistivity profile JPEG images, saving the JPEGs with the same filename. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg Process_Date: 201010 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg Process_Step: Process_Description: A bash shell script, run under CYGWIN version 1.5.1, was used to incorporate the imagename prefix into the title of the EarthImager resistivity JPEG images. The shell script uses the convert command which is part of the ImageMagick (v. 6.4) software package. The script is as follows: >#!/bin/bash >files=`ls *.jpg | cut -d. -f1` >for file in $files >do > if [[ $file == *Long* ]]; > then > convert -gravity North -font Arial -pointsize 20 -annotate -120+0 $file $file.jpg added_name3/$file.jpg > elif [[ $file == *Short* ]]; > then > convert -gravity North -font Arial -pointsize 24 -annotate -50+0 $file $file.jpg added_name3/$file.jpg > else convert -gravity North -font Arial -pointsize 24 -annotate -50+0 $file $file.jpg added_name3/$file.jpg > fi >done Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg Process_Date: 201109 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.jpg Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: 0.1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: WinZip Format_Information_Content: The WinZip file contains all the processed CRP data from May 16, 2008 as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 7.5 MB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1041/data/resistivity/proc_resis/manhasset/may16_proc.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1041/html/catalog.html Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 640 Recording_Density_Units: MB Recording_Format: ISO9660 Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: The data are provided in a WinZip compressed file. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the archive. In addition, portions of the processed data are available in a format compatible with AGI Geosciences EarthImager software. The user must have software capable of reading the AGI format in order to process these data. The data are also available in an XYZ ASCII format. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20120112 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile