Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Legend Layer for Mapping Landcover of the Natchez Trace Parkway 2004-2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Description: Abstract: This dataset defines the symbology for the landcover map of the Natchez Trace Parkway. The map shows the distribution of 18 landcover classes based on the National Vegetation Classification Standard. Ground-based vegetation classification was provided by National Park Service (NPS). The mapping output and layer delineate grasses, road-developed areas, scrub-shrub, shrubland, plantation, water bodies, areas of white oak, oak, pine-oak, pine-cedar, pine-sweetgum, sweetgum (including sweetgum-oak), scattered trees, swamp forest, irregular classes, aquatic vegetation, invasive species, canopy gaps, and clouds. Mapped classes that have been digitized are noted with an asterisk (*) in the legend. Purpose: The purpose of this dataset is to define the symbology for the landcover classification map of the Natchez Trace Parkway. This layer should be applied to the mapping output .tifs to view the legend. This map is part of the USGS-NPS Vegetation Characterization Program, a cooperative effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS), to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. This landmark program is both the first to provide national-scale descriptions of vegetation for a Federal agency and the first to create national vegetation standards for its data products. The vegetation mapping program is an important part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program, a long-term effort to develop baseline data for all national park units that have a natural resource component. For more information visit the Vegetation Inventory Program (VIP) website at: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/veg/index.cfm. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -91.370359 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.964290 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.176145 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.430989 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: landcover Theme_Keyword: National Vegetation Classification System Theme_Keyword: mapping Theme_Keyword: land use Theme_Keyword: NVCS Theme_Keyword: map legend Theme_Keyword: map symbology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: Southeast US Place_Keyword: Natchez Trace Place_Keyword: Natchez Trace Parkway Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Tennessee Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Natchez Trace Place_Keyword: Natchez Trace Parkway Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: Tennessee Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Southeast US Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: State of Mississippi Place_Keyword: State of Louisiana Place_Keyword: State of Alabama Place_Keyword: State of Tennessee Place_Keyword: Adams County Place_Keyword: Tishomingo County Place_Keyword: Jefferson County Place_Keyword: Claiborne County Place_Keyword: Hinds County Place_Keyword: Madison County Place_Keyword: Leake County Place_Keyword: Attala County Place_Keyword: Choctaw County Place_Keyword: Webster County Place_Keyword: Chickasaw County Place_Keyword: Pontotoc County Place_Keyword: Lee County Place_Keyword: Itawamba County Place_Keyword: Prentiss County Place_Keyword: Colbert County Place_Keyword: Lauderdale County Place_Keyword: Wayne County Place_Keyword: Lawrence County Place_Keyword: Lewis County Place_Keyword: Natchez Trace Parkway Access_Constraints: It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center and not indirectly through other sources which may have been changed in some way. The distributor makes no claim as to the data's suitability for other purposes. Use_Constraints: Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data. Such acknowledgement as is standard for citation and legal practices for data sources is expected by users of these data. Sharing new data layers developed directly from these data would be appreciated by the USGS NWRC staff. Users should be aware that comparison with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in mapping conventions, data collection procedures, and computer processes over time. The distributor shall not be liable for improper or incorrect use of these data, based on the description of appropriate/inappropriate uses described in this metadata document. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Contact_Person: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D Contact_Position: Principal Investigator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 700 Cajundome Blvd City: Lafayette State_or_Province: LA Postal_Code: 70506-3152 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 337-266-8500 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 337-266-8841 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov Contact Instructions: Additional contact: Information Services, Voice 337-266-8692, Email nwrclibrary@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) would like to thank Paul Conzelman and Martha Segura of the National Park Service for allowing us the opportunity to contribute to the landcover mapping of the Nation's resources and Kurt Foote of the National Park Service for his guidance and vital help in our field reconnaissance. Partial funding for this work was provided through the U.S. National Park Service Agreement Number 14431A53200000. We are grateful to Steve Hartley (USGS) for his development of critical geographic information system (GIS) procedures and help in GIS processing. The USGS NWRC would also like to acknowledge Gulf Coast Aerial Mapping Co., Inc. for the generation of the aerial photography. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Mapping Landcover of the Natchez Trace Parkway 2004-2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable Logical_Consistency_Report: None Completeness_Report: Data are complete as possible Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of the horizontal positions meets the U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping standard. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gulf Coast Aerial Mapping Co., Inc. Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Digital Orthoimagery for Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway 2004 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040929 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040930 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20041006 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20041015 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DOQQs Source_Contribution: The primary data source for the mosaiced imagery Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Park Service Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Field Site Catalog Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 200409 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 200509 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NPS field sites Source_Contribution: Provided the source for landcover classification Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Filtered Digital Orthoimagery for Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway 2004 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040929 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040930 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20041006 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20041015 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Filtered DOQQs Source_Contribution: Filtered DOQQs used to minimize unwanted variability when classifying landcover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Machine-based Landcover Mapping of the Natchez Trace Parkway 2004-2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2005 Ending_Date: 2010 Source_Currentness_Reference: observed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Unsupervised classification Source_Contribution: Preliminary landcover classification Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amina Rangoonwala (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Terri Bannister (Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Originator: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D (U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center) Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Mapping Landcover of the Natchez Trace Parkway 2004-2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2011-1276 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lafayette, LA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1276/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2004 Ending_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Final classification Source_Contribution: Final landcover classification Process_Step: Process_Description: Color infrared (CIR) aerial photography was acquired during leaf-on conditions. The flights occurred on September 29-30 and October 6 and 15, 2004. The resulting aerial film rolls were then scanned at 25 microns by using a true color, true optics scanner to generate a 1,000-dot per inch (dpi) product and converted to DOQQs. The effects of tilt and relief were removed from the aerial photos by orthorectification. The transformation of the photographic frames to DOQQ representation provided uniform scale. Uniform scale allowed the direct measure of true distance and direction. The tiles were then cut to match existing DOQQs in the UTM projection zones. The 235 DOQQs created from the 386 aerial frames were mosaiced to create full coverage of the Parkway. For ease of use, the DOQQs were grouped into 11 mosaics, each covering a section of the Parkway. At the request of the NPS, each mosaic was divided into ten tiles to allow for efficient loading on less robust computers. For more detailed information, see Appendix 2 of 'Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway.' Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DOQQs Process_Step: Process_Description: An 11 m by 25 m (average) spectral filter was applied to the DOQQs to produce a scale comparable to the 20 m by 50 m ground-plot size used by the National Park Service. This filter was applied to each of the 11 mosaic sections of the Parkway imagery. The filter minimized unwanted canopy variability (irregularly illuminated tree crowns and canopy gaps and associated shadowing) and maximized forest-stand identification. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DOQQs Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Filtered DOQQs Process_Step: Process_Description: An unsupervised classification (accomplished numerically and impartially with little human input) was performed on the eleven mosaic sections of the Parkway. This process involved aggregating the pixels into spectral groupings, or clusters, based solely on the spectral distribution present in the image. The analyst then determined the landcover identity of these spectral groups by associating the classified image data with ground reference data from the National Park Service classification and notes from field reconnaissance missions. For more details, see the methods section in 'Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway.' Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Filtered DOQQs Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NPS Field Sites Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Unsupervised classification Process_Step: Process_Description: The final mapping of the Parkway involved both machine processes (unsupervised classification) and human analysis (supervised classification). As a first step, shadows, edge and gap, were isolated and replaced on the map. Steps were taken to minimize the abrupt changes that occur between mosaiced orthophotos. Cutlines were compensated for by creating masks at the borders between orthophotos and applying classification algorithms only in the masked areas. The modified data were classified using an unsupervised classification algorithm. Progressive clustering techniques were used to separate and group clusters with mixed identities until all possible groups had been identified. The leftover clusters were labeled irregular classes on the map legend. Once all possible spectrally distinct classes had been identified, the final set of classes was migrated to the next adjacent mosaic section. A single signature migration was not applied from one end of the Parkway to the other; however, a mixture of progressive mapping classifications and signature migrations were applied throughout the Parkway. In a continued effort to generate a map product conforming to requests by the National Park Service, different filters were applied to the mapping output in order to reduce mapping artifacts, such as isolated pixel groups and ribbons. As a final step, an assessment of mapping accuracy was completed to provide an overall estimate of mapping performance. Field site observations were compared to the generated landcover map and the accuracy reported in contingency tables. Lastly, mapping outputs were then divided into 10 tiles per mosaic section at the request of the National Park Service. For more details see the Final Mapping Classification section in 'Mapping the Natchez Trace Parkway.' Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Unsupervised classification Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final classification Process_Step: Process_Description: Added a layer to define color symbology and identify landcover classes found in the Natchez Trace Parkway map. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Final classification Process_Date: Unknown Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference_Method: Natchez Trace Parkway Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 15 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -93.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1 Ordinate_Resolution: 1 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Contact_Person: Elijah W. Ramsey III, Ph.D Contact_Position: Principal Investigator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 700 Cajundome Blvd. City: Lafayette State_or_Province: LA Postal_Code: 70506-3152 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 337-266-8500 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 337-266-8841 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov Contact Instructions: Additional contact: Information Services, Voice 337-266-8692, Email nwrclibrary@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from the U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata associated with this data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Custom_Order_Process: For data requests, contact the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center directly. Technical_Prerequisites: Adequate computer capability is the only technical prerequisite for viewing data in digital form. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20120126 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Contact_Position: Metadata Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 700 Cajundome Blvd City: Lafayette State_or_Province: LA Postal_Code: 70506-3152 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 337-266-8500 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 337-266-8841 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nwrclibrary@usgs.gov Contact Instructions: Additional contact: Information Services, Voice 337-266-8692, Email nwrclibrary@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: There are no access limitations on acquiring the metadata document. Metadata can be accessed through the U.S. Geological Survey Metadata Clearinghouse. Metadata_Use_Constraints: Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center as the metadata source would be appreciated. Please cite the original metadata when using portions of the record to create a similar record for slightly altered data for reprojection or subsetting. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.