Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Elizabeth Pendleton Publication_Date: 2013 Title: NAH_CCB_Pzones: Physiographic Zones of the Sea Floor from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts (polygon shapefile, Geographic WGS 84) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1157 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Barnhardt., W.A. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Schwab, W.C. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Shallow Geology, Sea-floor Texture, and Physiographic Zones of the Inner Continental Shelf from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1157 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: Description: Abstract: These data are qualitatively derived interpretive polygon shapefiles and selected source raster data defining surficial geology, sediment type and distribution, and physiographic zones of the sea floor from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay. Much of the geophysical data used to create the interpretive layers were collected under a cooperative agreement among the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of seafloor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes because of natural or human effects. The project is focused on the inshore waters of coastal Massachusetts. Data collected during the mapping cooperative involving the USGS have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/html/current_map.html). The interpretations released in this study are for an area extending from the southern tip of Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. A combination of geophysical and sample data including high resolution bathymetry and lidar, acoustic-backscatter intensity, seismic-reflection profiles, bottom photographs, and sediment samples are used to create the data interpretations. Most of the nearshore geophysical and sample data (including the bottom photographs) were collected during several cruises between 2000 and 2008. More information about the cruises and the data collected can be found at the Geologic Mapping of the Seafloor Offshore of Massachusetts Web page: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/. Purpose: These sea floor physiographic zones were created from geophysical and sample data collected from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, and are used to characterize the sea floor in the area. Physiographic zone maps are important data layers for marine resource managers charged with protecting fish habitat, delineating marine boundaries, and assessing environmental change due to natural or human impacts. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940101 Ending_Date: 20080507 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of data used to derive the interpretation Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.051972 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.154738 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.459855 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.932502 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Theme_Keyword: CZM Theme_Keyword: Sea floor Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Theme_Keyword: Slope Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Esri Shapefile Theme_Keyword: Physiographic Zones Theme_Keyword: Rocky Zone Theme_Keyword: Hard-bottom Plain Theme_Keyword: Nearshore Ramp Theme_Keyword: Nearshore Basin Theme_Keyword: Sediment Samples Theme_Keyword: Seismic-reflection Profiles Theme_Keyword: Outer Basin Theme_Keyword: Shelf Valleys Theme_Keyword: Ebb-tidal Delta Theme_Keyword: Sand Waves Theme_Keyword: Dredged Channel Theme_Keyword: interpretation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Boston Harbor Place_Keyword: Nahant Place_Keyword: Boston Place_Keyword: Hull Place_Keyword: Boston Harbor Islands Place_Keyword: Duxbury Place_Keyword: Provincetown Place_Keyword: Plymouth Place_Keyword: Scituate Place_Keyword: Cohasset Place_Keyword: Manomet Place_Keyword: Winthrop Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Bay Place_Keyword: Humarock Place_Keyword: Brant Rock Place_Keyword: Marshfield Place_Keyword: North River Place_Keyword: Kingston Place_Keyword: Revere Beach Place_Keyword: Quincy Place_Keyword: Weymouth Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Additionally, there are limitations associated with qualitative seafloor interpretations. Because of the scale of the source geophysical data and the spacing of samples, not all changes in sea floor texture are captured. The data were mapped between 1:8,000 and 1:25,000, but the recommended scale for application of these data is 1:25,000. Features below 5,000 m2 or less than 50 m wide were not digitized due to positional uncertainty, lack of sample information, and the often ephemeral nature of small-scale sea floor features. Not all digitized sea floor features contained sample information, so often the physiographic zone is characterized by the nearest similar feature that contains a sample. Conversely, sometimes a digitized feature contained multiple samples and not all of the samples within the feature were in agreement. In these cases the dominant sample texture was chosen to represent the primary sediment type for the polygon. Samples from rocky areas often only consist of bottom photographs, because large particle size often prevents the recovery of a sediment sample. Bottom photo classification can be subjective, such that determining the sediment type that is greater than 50% of the view frame is estimated by the interpreter and may differ among interpreters. Bottom photo transects often reveal changes in the sea floor over distances of less than 100 m and these changes are often not observable in acoustic data. Heterogeneous sea floor texture can change very quickly, and many small-scale changes will not be detectable or mappable at a scale of 1:25,000. The boundaries of polygons are often inferred based on sediment samples, and even boundaries that are traced based on amplitude changes in geophysical data are subject to migration. Polygon boundaries should be considered an approximation of the location of a change in physiographic zone. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image of the physiographic zone shapefile for the Massachusetts inner continental shelf from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4000 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kelley, J.T. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Belknap, D.F. Originator: Dickson, S.M. Originator: Kelley, A.R. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: The seafloor revealed: the geology of the northwestern Gulf of Maine inner continental shelf Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Maine Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Augusta, Maine Publisher: Maine Geological Survey, Natural Resources Information and Mapping Center Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: McMullen, K.Y Originator: Paskevich, V.F. Originator: Poppe, L.J. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: USGS East-coast Sediment Analysis: Procedures, Database, and GIS Data Edition: 2.2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1001 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1001/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ford, K.H. Originator: S.E. Voss Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Seafloor Sediment Composition in Massachusetts Determined Using Point Data Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report Issue_Identification: TR-45 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New Bedford, MA Publisher: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Online_Linkage: Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were drawn and vetted for accuracy using the source input rasters and point sample data described in the processing steps and source contributions. Qualitatively-defined polygons for the Boston Harbor and approaches region had already been drawn and published by Ackerman and others (2006). In their study, their region of interest was defined by using a 'convert raster to feature' function on sidescan sonar imagery within ArcGIS. This conversion task created several very small (~ 1 square-meter) triangular and rectilinear-shaped gaps along the boundaries of the defined polygons within Boston Harbor. The original Ackerman and other (2006) bottom type polygons were merged with the polygons created in this study, and polygon and field editing was done in order to make them fit the physiographic zones used in this report. However, the very small topology errors associated with the original data have not been removed, primarily because they are well below the intended scale of application of these data (1:25,000). Overlapping features and unintentional gaps within the rest of the survey area were identified using the topology checker in ArcMap (version 9.3.1) and corrected or removed. Completeness_Report: These physiographic zones are defined for areas where source data exist. In general, gaps in the coverage coincide with gaps in the source data. However, some small data gaps were interpreted through extrapolation. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were produced qualitatively from acoustic and sample data with varying resolutions. Horizontal uncertainty associated with sample collection especially, can be quite high (100's of meters), much higher than positional uncertainty associated with acoustic data (usually less than <10's of meters). The date of sample collection and ship station positioning all contribute to sample position uncertainty. These qualitatively derived polygons outlining sea floor features are estimated to be within 50 meters, horizontally, but locally may be higher when sediment texture delineation is based on sample information alone. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Butman, B. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Originator: Crocker, J.M. Publication_Date: 2006 Title: High-resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Boston Harbor and Approaches, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1008 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1008/http Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000919 Ending_Date: 20040917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ackerman and others, 2006 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source geophysical (sidescan and bathymetry) and bottom photograph data for the Boston Harbor and approaches region. These geophysical data were acquired between 2000 and 2001 by NOAA aboard the Ship Whiting and its launches. The sample data were collected in 2004 by the USGS and CZM. The NOAA cruises acquired sidescan-sonar and single-beam and multibeam bathymetric data. Sidescan data were collected with the Edgetech 272-T (100 kHz) or the Klein T-5500 (455 kHz) sonar. A hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 8101(240 kHz) was used to acquire the multibeam echosounder data. Single-beam echosounder data were acquired with an Odom Echotrac DF3200 MKII (100kHz). The USGS/CZM sampling cruise was conducted aboard the R/V Rafael using the mini SEABOSS and a VanVeen grab sampler. This report also provided a qualitative interpretation of the sidescan, bathymetry, and sample data collected in the region. These interpretive polygons were used as the initial interpretation for the Boston Harbor region. Some boundaries were slightly modified and field editing was conducted to match the classification scheme used in this study. These data also provided a good check for consistency in data interpretation. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Geophysical and Sampling Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1006 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1006/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060816 Ending_Date: 20080508 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Andrews and others, 2010 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source geophysical (sidescan, bathymetry, and seismic-reflection profiles) and bottom photograph data for the Northern Cape Cod Bay region. These data were acquired between 2006 and 2008 by the USGS and CZM aboard the R/V Megan T. Miller, R/V Rafael, and R/V Connecticut. Bathymetric data were acquired using a Systems Engineering & Assessment, Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus interferometric sonar system (234 or 117 kHz). Sidescan-sonar data were collected with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar (132/445 kHz), or a SWATHplus interferometric (117-kHz). Chirp seismic data were collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB sub-bottom profiling system and an SB-0512i towfish (FM swept frequency 0.5-12 kHz). Sediment samples and bottom photos were collected with a modified Van Veen grab sampler and SEABOSS, respectively. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Geophysical and Sampling Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Duxbury to Hull, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2009-1072 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1072/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060804 Ending_Date: 20070911 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Barnhardt and others, 2010 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source geophysical (sidescan, bathymetry, and seismic-reflection profiles) and bottom photograph data for the Duxbury to Hull, MA region. These data were acquired between 2006 and 2007 by the USGS, CZM, and NOAA aboard the R/V Megan T. Miller, R/V Rafael, R/V Connecticut, and NOAA launches 1005 and 1014. USGS bathymetric data were acquired using a Systems Engineering & Assessment, Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus interferometric sonar system (234 or 117 kHz). NOAA bathymetric and backscatter data were acquired with a hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 3101 and 8125. USGS sidescan-sonar data were collected with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar (132/445 kHz), or a SWATHplus interferometric (117-kHz). USGS chirp seismic data were collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB sub-bottom profiling system and an SB-0512i towfish (FM swept frequency 0.5-12 kHz). Sediment samples and bottom photos were collected with a modified Van Veen grab sampler and SEABOSS, respectively. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Butman, B. Originator: Valentine, P.C. Originator: Middleton, T.J. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Publication_Date: 2007 Title: A GIS Library of Multibeam Data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: 99 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940101 Ending_Date: 19981231 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Butman and others, 2007 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source geophysical data (sidescan and bathymetry) for the western Massachusetts Bay region including Stellwagen Bank. These data were acquired between 1994 and 1998 by the USGS, Canadian Hydrographic Survey, and University of New Brunswick aboard the Frederick G. Creed. Bathymetric and backscatter data were acquired using Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ford, K.H. Originator: Huntley, E.C. Originator: Sampson, D.W. Originator: Voss, S. Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: Massachusetts Sediment Database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Publication_Information: Other_Citation_Details: This sample database has been compiled and vetted from existing samples and datasets by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. The data are currently unpublished, but may be acquired by contacting the CZM office: 251 Causeway St Boston, MA 02114 (617) 626-1000 czm@state.ma.us Type_of_Source_Media: digital vector Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19550101 Ending_Date: 20110101 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CZM sample database Source_Contribution: Sediment sample databases of Ford and Voss (2010) and McMullen and others (2011) were combined then edited and supplemented with NOAA chart sampling data and over 2,000 bottom photos and descriptions at more than 400 stations by a group of GIS specialists at the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (Emily Huntley, personal communication). These data contained sediment laboratory statistics when available, visual descriptions if sediment analysis was not performed or if the site was a bottom photograph, and classification fields of Barnhardt and others (1998), Shepard (1954), and Wentworth (1922) as well as average sediment statistics and phi size, when laboratory analysis was conducted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Center of Expertise Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Massachusetts LiDAR Grid Data in Coastal Areas Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: San Diego, CA Publisher: Fugro Pelagos, Inc Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20070428 Ending_Date: 20070806 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE- JALBTCX, 2008 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source lidar data for the very nearshore (< -5 m) region. Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data were acquired with a SHOALS-1000T (for hydrographic & topographic data) using the Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) lidar plane. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Poppe, L.J. Originator: Paskevich, V.F. Originator: Butman, B. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Blackwood, D.S. Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Geological Interpretation of Bathymetric and Backscatter Imagery Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1048 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19981109 Ending_Date: 19981125 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Poppe and others, 2006 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source geophysical data (sidescan and bathymetry) for the Outer Cape Cod region. These data were acquired in 1998 by the USGS, Canadian Hydrographic Survey, and University of New Brunswick aboard the Frederick G. Creed. Bathymetric and backscatter data were acquired using Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder. Process_Step: Process_Description: The texture and spatial distribution of sea-floor sediment were qualitatively-analyzed in ArcGIS using several input data sources (listed in the source contribution), including acoustic backscatter, bathymetry, Lidar, seismic-reflection profile interpretations, bottom photographs, and sediment samples. In order to create the interpretation, first a polygon shapefile of the study area was created (with ArcMap version 9.3.1) and merged with the published Boston Harbor interpretive polygons (Ackerman and others, 2006). The shapefile was then edited using 'cut polygon' in an edit session. The polygon cuts were done qualitatively based on slope changes in the bathymetry, backscatter intensity changes in the sidescan sonar mosaics, surficial geology interpretation based on seismic data, bottom photographs and sediment samples. The polygon editing was done at a general zoom scale of 1:12,000. Most of the sidescan data were available at 1-meter per pixel resolution, with the exception of the Butman and others (2007) data, which was at a 6-meter per pixel resolution. The bathymetric data were at a 5-meter per pixel resolution with the exception of the Butman and others (2007) data, which was at a 6-meter per pixel resolution and the Ackerman and others (2006) data, which was at a 30-meter per pixel resolution. Seismic lines were collected at approximately 100-meter spacing, with tie-lines generally spaced 1-km apart. Bottom photos are roughly 2-km apart, and the density of sediment samples varies throughout the study area, with Boston Harbor having a high density of samples, while regions classified as 'rock zones' have almost no sediment samples due to the rocky substrate. Process_Date: 20090206 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Walter A. Barnhardt Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2355 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbarnhardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: After all the traced features were mapped, new fields were created in the shapefile called 'Pzone' and 'area_sqkm', and the sea floor was characterized for each polygon based on physiographic zones descriptions of Kelley and others (1996). Area was defined using the calculate geometry function from the attribute table using the data frame projection (UTM Zone 19N, WGS84). Process_Date: 20090425 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Walter A. Barnhardt Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2355 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbarnhardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Finally, a feature dataset was generated inside a file geodatabase (ArcCatalog version 9.3.1), and new topology rules were established to make sure that there were no overlapping polygons or accidental gaps between adjacent polygons. The topology error inspector (ArcMap version 9.3.1) was used to find topology errors and fix them. All overlapping polygon errors were fixed, and several gaps were marked as exceptions since there are several islands and significant data gaps within the study area. Overlapping polygon errors were fixed, and several gaps were marked as exceptions since there are several islands and significant data gaps within the study area. Very small (less than 1-square meter) gaps and triangular jogs in polygon boundaries within Boston Harbor exist where data published by Ackerman and others (2006) was used. These small topology feature errors were not corrected. Length and Area fields were generated automatically for all polygons in the geodatabase. The data were then exported to a shapefile and the polygons were reprojected from UTM Zone 19N, WGS84 to GCS WGS84. The length field was deleted and the area field was recalculated in the pre-existing area field. Process_Date: 20120505 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S.Geological Survey Address: 364 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02540 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508)-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508)-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 250 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: NAH_CCB_Pzones Entity_Type_Definition: Physiographic zones shapefile for Nahant to northern Cape Cod Bay, MA Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Pzone_name Attribute_Definition: Based on geologic maps produced for the Western Gulf of Maine (Kelley and others, 1989), the seafloor within the study area can be divided into geologic environments, or physiographic zones, which are delineated based on sea-floor morphology and the dominant texture of surficial material. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rocky Zone Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocky Zones (RZ) are rugged areas of extreme bathymetric relief ranging from nearly vertical rock cliffs to relatively flat, gravel-covered plains littered with boulders up to 4 m in diameter. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nearshore Basin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nearshore Basins (NB) are areas of shallow, low-relief seafloor adjacent to the mainland and separated from offshore areas by islands and shoals. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nearshore Ramp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nearshore Ramps (NR) are areas of gently-sloping seafloor with generally shore-parallel bathymetric contours. This zone is primarily covered with sand-rich sediment, although small exposures of ledge, cobbles and boulders locally crop out on the seafloor. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Shelf Valley Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shelf Valleys (SV) are elongate depressions that extend offshore more or less perpendicular to the trend of the coastline, and slope gently seaward. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ebb Tidal Delta Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ebb-tidal Deltas are lobate sandy shoals found on the seaward side of tidal inlets that form through the interaction of waves and ebbing tidal currents Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Outer Basin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Outer Basins are generally found in water depths greater than 40 meters, and are finer grained, but may contain occasional rock outcrops. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hard-Bottom Plains Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hard-bottom Plains tend to have low bathymetric relief, with a coarse sediment texture consisting of primarily gravel, sand, and rock. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sand Waves Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sand Waves are features developed by currents over the sea floor. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dredged Channel Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dredged Channels are anthropogenic features where the sea floor has been modified to accommodate navigation. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: area_sqkm Attribute_Definition: Area in square-kilometers of each defined polygon Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.900 Range_Domain_Maximum: 345.532 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square-kilometers Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: WinZip Format_Version_Number: 14.5 Format_Specification: Esri Polygon Shapefile Format_Information_Content: WinZip file contains qualitatively derived polygons that define physiographic zones from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, MA and the associated metadata File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 0.8 MB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Network_Resource_Name: Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW) Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) Shapefile format. The user must have software capable of importing and processing the data file. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20130702 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile