OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr.shp - Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 4.3 transects and short-term (1970-2009) end point rate shoreline change statistics for the Outer Cape Cod coastal region from Long Point in Provincetown to Monomoy Island

Metadata also available as

Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr.shp - Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 4.3 transects and short-term (1970-2009) end point rate shoreline change statistics for the Outer Cape Cod coastal region from Long Point in Provincetown to Monomoy Island
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1183
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage:
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/data/OuterCapeCod/OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr.zip>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Theresa L. Smith
Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: E. Robert Thieler
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the 2013 update
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1183
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/>
Description:
Abstract:
Due to continued coastal population growth and increased threats of erosion, current data on trends and rates of shoreline movement are required to inform shoreline and floodplain management. The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates at 40-meter intervals along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast.

The Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, has compiled reliable historical shoreline data along open-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast under the Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project 2013 Update. Two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts (approximately 1,800 km) were (1) delineated using 2008/09 color aerial orthoimagery, and (2) extracted from topographic LIDAR datasets (2007) obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. The new shorelines were integrated with existing Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and USGS historical shoreline data in order to compute long- and short-term rates using the latest version of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS).

Purpose:
This dataset consists of short-term (1970-2009) end point shoreline change rates for the Outer Cape Cod region of Massachusetts where there was not enough historic data to compute a linear regression rate (LRR). Rates of short-term shoreline change were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The baseline is used as a reference line for the transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline at the measurement points, which are then used to calculate the short-term rates.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2013
Currentness_Reference: publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.240034
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.928806
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.061429
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.537725
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: Esri polyline shapefile
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline
Theme_Keyword: Historic Shoreline
Theme_Keyword: short-term
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Rate
Theme_Keyword: Erosion
Theme_Keyword: Accretion
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Envelope
Theme_Keyword: SCE
Theme_Keyword: Net Shoreline Movement
Theme_Keyword: NSM
Theme_Keyword: End Point Rate
Theme_Keyword: EPR
Theme_Keyword: Baseline
Theme_Keyword: Transect
Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Theme_Keyword: DSAS
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: New England
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Cape Cod
Place_Keyword: Provincetown
Place_Keyword: Monomoy Island
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were automatically generated using the DSAS versions 4.2 (transects) and 4.3 (rates) software applications and should only be used for purposes explicitly stated by the originating organization. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management as the originators of this dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Theresa Smith
Contact_Position: Contract Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: theresasmith@usgs.gov
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: E.R. Thieler
Originator: T.L. Smith
Originator: Julia Knisel
Originator: D.W. Sampson
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project, 2013 Update
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1189
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1189/>
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: E.R. Thieler
Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss
Originator: J.L. Zichichi
Originator: A. Ergul
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0: an ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1278
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Other_Citation_Details: Current version is 4.3
Online_Linkage:
<http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/version4/index.html>
Online_Linkage: <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/>
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1278/>
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: E. Robert Thieler
Originator: James F. O'Connell
Originator: Courtney A. Schupp
Publication_Date: 20010904
Title:
The Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: 1800s to 1994 Technical Report
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Administrative Report
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://www.mass.gov/czm/hazards/pdf/sc_technical_report.pdf>
Online_Linkage:
<http://www.mass.gov/czm/hazards/shoreline_change/shorelinechangeproject.htm>

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during the generation of the transect layer or during the calculation of shoreline change rates performed by the software.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The transect data were generated using DSAS v.4.2 and the rates were calculated using DSAS v.4.3, an automated software program which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. The transects were visually inspected and sometimes manually adjusted within a standard ArcMap edit session to adjust the position at which an individual transect intersected the shorelines.
Completeness_Report:
This dataset contains the transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate short-term end point rate shoreline change rates for the region where there was not enough historic data to compute a linear regression rate (LRR). Additional transects may have been generated but did not intersect the minimum requirement of two shorelines from the short-term time period to calculate short-term end point rates. The rate calculations are based on a subset of the shoreline data (1970-2009) that omits shorelines prior to 1970. These data are part of a state-wide assessment of shoreline change that includes over 26,500 individual transect locations that were used to compute both short- and long-term rates of change, based on almost 9200 linear kilometers of historical shoreline position data. It is very likely that some gross errors or blunders were introduced during compilation and analysis of this large amount of information. Such errors have been described in the context of shoreline change mapping as coarse errors (Fenster and others, 2001) and can generally be considered to affect only a very small percentage of the overall dataset.

Fenster, M.S., Dolan, R., and Morton, R.A., 2001, Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 714-720

Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Transect Features Generated using DSAS v.4.2 in ArcGIS 9.3. Parameters Used: baseline layer=OuterCapeCod_baseline, baseline group field=NULL, transect spacing=50 meters, transect length=400 meters, cast direction=AUTO-DETECT, baseline location=on/off shore, cast method=smoothed baseline, smoothing distance=250 meters, flip baselines=not selected. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1278/>. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by Theresa Smith.
Process_Date: 20110913
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Theresa Smith
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Contract Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: theresasmith@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
After transects were generated, it was sometimes necessary to modify their length using standard editing tools in ArcMap v9.3 so that they intersected the shoreline data needed for analysis. In some cases sections of the baseline were modified using the dynamic topology in DSAS that allows edits to the baseline in a standard ArcMap (v9.3) editing session to update the position of transects if the transect field is enabled as the target layer in the DSAS (v4.2) toolbar.
Process_Date: 20110913
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
After transects were generated, the entire geodatabase was upgraded to v.10 by right-clicking on the geodatabase and choosing Properties from the pop-up window in ArcCatalog v.10. The Upgrade Geodatabase button was clicked at the bottom of the General tab in the Database Properties window.
Process_Date: 20120208
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Rate Calculations Performed using DSAS v.4.3 for ArcMap v.10 on selected shorelines only (1970-2009). Parameters Used: shoreline layer=OuterCapeCod_shorelines, shoreline date field=Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name=Uncy (additional shoreline data stored in OuterCapeCod_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf), the default accuracy=10.8 meters, shoreline intersection parameters=nearest, stats calculations=[Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR)], shoreline threshold=2, confidence interval=90%, Output rate table name=OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_20121218_094226.dbf
Process_Date: 20121218
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The shoreline rates output table (OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_20121218_094226.dbf) was joined to the transect feature class in ArcMap v.10 by right-clicking on the transect layer > joins and relates > join > join attributes from a table. Parameters: join field - ObjectID; table to join - OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_20121218_094226; field in table: TransectID; join options - keep only matching records.
Process_Date: 20121218
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The joined data were exported to a shapefile in ArcMap v.10 by right-clicking the transect file, choosing data > export data. The new shapefile was named OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr.shp and permanently adds the joined rate fields to the transect attribute table.
Process_Date: 20121218
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
For the MA Shoreline Change Update, linear regression was the preferred method for calculating short-term shoreline change rates. However, not all transects intersected three shorelines, which is required for the calculation of linear regression rates. For sections in which linear regression rates were not calculated, end point rates (calculated using two shorelines) were reported. The end point rates output feature class was clipped to the linear regression rates output feature class during an edit session in ArcMap v. 10 by (1) the end point rates output table was joined to the transect feature class by right-clicking on the transect layer > joins and relates > join > join attributes from a table, (2) transects in which both end point rates and linear regression rates were calculated were selected from the joined attribute table by choosing from the drop down menu Select By Attributes. Parameters: Create a new selection; select from joined table: OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr.ECI>=0 AND OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STlr.LR2 >=0, and (3) the selected attributes were deleted from the end point rates output table.
Process_Date: 20121218
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The exported transect shapefile was projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.10) > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection - NAD_1983_StatePlane_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001; output projection - geographic coordinates (NAD83); transformation - none.
Process_Date: 10121218

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 196

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr
Entity_Type_Definition:
Measurement transects and resulting short-term end point rate calculations
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number used within geodatabase.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: BaselineID
Attribute_Definition:
Unique identification number of the baseline segment. If BaselineID=0 no transects will be generated. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TransOrder
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS on the basis of transect order along the baseline or baselines. This field provides the user with a method to sort transect data from the start of the baseline segment with an ID=1 and increment sequentially to the end of the final baseline segment.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 185
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2328
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: StartX
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the X coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (State Plane Masachusetts Mainland FIPS 2001, NAD 83).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Values based on data set extent.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: StartY
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the Y coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (State Plane Masachusetts Mainland FIPS 2001, NAD 83).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Values based on data set extent.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EndX
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the X coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (State Plane Masachusetts Mainland FIPS 2001, NAD 83).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Values based on data set extent.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EndY
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the Y coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (State Plane Masachusetts Mainland FIPS 2001, NAD 83).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Values based on data set extent.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Azimuth
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. When zero, transect was manually created by user.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 360
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng
Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meter units (MA State Plane, NAD 83).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 184.049524
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1596.030364
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TransectId
Attribute_Definition:
Same value as ObjectID. Used as a permanent and unique identification number for each transect in the output rates table calculated by DSAS. This attribute was used as the common field when joining the rates table (.dbf) to the transect feature class in a geodatabase.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EPR
Attribute_Definition:
End Point Rate- a rate of change statistic calculated by DSAS that is calculated by dividing the distance of the shoreline movement by the time elapsed between the oldest and most recent shoreline. Value is reported in meters per year.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -49.84
Range_Domain_Maximum: 95.73
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SCE
Attribute_Definition:
Shoreline Change Envelope the distance in meters (State Plane Masachusetts Mainland FIPS 2001, NAD 83) calculated by DSAS between the shoreline farthest from and closest to the baseline.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.43
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1208.67
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NSM
Attribute_Definition:
Net Shoreline Movement - the distance in meters (State Plane Masachusetts Mainland FIPS 2001, NAD 83) calculated by DSAS between the oldest and youngest shorelines for each transect. If negative, the youngest shoreline is landward of the oldest (erosional), if positive, the youngest is seaward of the oldest (accretional).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -1208.67
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1187.33

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Resource_Description: Downloadable data.
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: WinZip
Format_Version_Number: 16.5
Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile
Format_Information_Content:
This WinZip file contains a shapefile of transects generated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System including short-term end point rate calculations for the Outer Cape Cod region of Massachusetts. Metadata is also included.
File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip
Transfer_Size: 39 KB
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/data/OuterCapeCod/OuterCapeCod_transects_rates_STepr.zip>
Access_Instructions: Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW).
Fees: None
Technical_Prerequisites:
This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20130110
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Theresa Smith
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Contract Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: theresasmith@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Generated by mp version 2.8.25 on Sun May 05 13:10:42 2013