Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2014 Title: FI_HISO: 50-meter grid representing the Holocene sediment thickness (in meters) on the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY (UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84, Esri Binary Grid) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2014-1203 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/GIS/grids/fi_seismic.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/html/ofr2014-1203-data_catalog.html Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: William C. Schwab Originator: Jane F. Denny Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Maps Showing Bathymetry and Modern Sediment Thickness on the Inner- Continental Shelf Offshore of Fire Island, New York: pre-Hurricane Sandy Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2014-1203 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/ Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/2014/1203 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mapped approximately 336 square kilometers of the lower shoreface and inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York in 2011 using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. This report presents maps of bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, the coastal plain unconformity, the Holocene marine transgressive surface and modern sediment thickness. These spatial data support research on the Quaternary evolution of the Fire Island coastal system and provide baseline information for research on coastal processes along southern Long Island. More information about this field activity and the data collected can be found at the Field Activity Web Page (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2011-005-FA) Purpose: This data set contains a grid representing Holocene marine sediment thickness (in meters) on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York. Approximately 2200 line kilometers of chirp sub-bottom data collected with an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB sub-bottom profiling system and an SB-0512i towfish (0.5-12 kHz) during USGS survey 2011-005-FA, were analyzed to produce this surface. The Holocene sediment thickness (isopach) is used in assessing relationships between geologic framework, sea-bed morphology, and sediment textural trends. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20110521 Ending_Date: 20110605 Currentness_Reference: ground condition during 20110522 - 20110605 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.279783 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.744739 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.758525 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.545943 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2011-005-FA Theme_Keyword: sub-bottom profiling Theme_Keyword: seismic reflection Theme_Keyword: Isopach Theme_Keyword: Edgetech 512i Theme_Keyword: M/V Scarlett Isabella Theme_Keyword: sediment thickness Theme_Keyword: seismic interpretation Theme_Keyword: geologic framework Theme_Keyword: Holocene Theme_Keyword: Esri Binary Grid Theme_Keyword: Interpretation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: Fire Island Place_Keyword: Fire Island National Seashore Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jane F. Denny Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2311 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/GIS/grids/seismic/fi_hiso_sm.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Depth-colored image of the Holocene sediment thickness (in meters) on the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: William C. Schwab Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Originator: Cheryl J. Hapke Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: Paul T. Gayes Originator: Jane F. Denny Originator: Jeffrey H. List Originator: John C. Warner Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Geologic Evidence for Onshore Sediment Transport from the Inner Continental Shelf: Fire Island, New York Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: Volume 29, Issue 3, pp. 526-544. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Florida, USA Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc. Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00160.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Ann B. Swift Originator: William C. Schwab Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Stratigraphic Framework Maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, NY Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 99-559 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-559/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: William C. Schwab Originator: E. Robert Thieler Originator: Jane F. Denny Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: Jenna C. Hill Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Seafloor sediment distribution off southern Long Island, New York Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 00-243 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-243/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The nominal resolution of the chirp seismic-reflection system is 0.5 meter. Overall vertical accuracy is assumed to be +/- 0.5 meter. Logical_Consistency_Report: Chirp seismic-reflection data used to interpret regional geologic framework were collected during USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 2011-005-FA. The geologic framework interpretations in this report were correlated with previous interpretations by Schwab and others (2000) and Foster and others (1999) for the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY. Completeness_Report: All chirp seismic reflection data collected during USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 2011-05-FA were used to interpret stratigraphic units and unconformities (Lines 14 - 92). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The Edgetech SB-0512i was mounted on a catamaran sled and towed at the sea surface 51.5 m (lines l14f1 - l74f1) and 43.2 m (lines l75f1 - l92f1) astern of the M/V Scarlett Isabella. Position data were provided by a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation receiver (F180 (lines l14f1 - l74f1) and BR2G (lines l75f1 - l92f1)). Layback navigation was generated to account for towfish position. Positional accuracy is assumed to be ± 10 m. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: Chirp seismic-reflection data Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20110521 Ending_Date: 20110605 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition during 20110521 - 20110605 Source_Citation_Abbreviation: none Source_Contribution: Shallow geologic framework and surficial geology were interpreted from approximately 2200 trackline kilometers of chirp seismic-reflection profiles that were collected during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2011-005-FA (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2011-005-FA). Final, post-processed profiles were used to make the interpretations. Survey: Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots. Lines 14 through 27 were run at a 75-m line spacing to achieve full coverage of the seafloor with sonar systems in a priority area of interest in the nearshore, in water depths less than 15 meters. Lines 28 through 92 were run at a 150-m line spacing, with the exception of tie lines (lines 52 through 60, 65 through 67, 89 through 92), which were run at approximately a 2-km line spacing. Seismic Data: Chirp seismic data were collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB sub-bottom profiling system and an SB-0512i towfish (0.5-12 kHz), which was mounted on a catamaran and towed astern of the M/V Scarlett Isabella. Chesapeake Technologies' SonarWiz (v.5.03.0016) seismic acquisition software was used to control the Geo-Star topside unit, digitally log trace data in the SEG-Y Rev. 1 format (IEEE floating point), and record DGPS navigation coordinates to the SEG-Y trace headers (in arc seconds of Latitude and Longitude, multiplied by a scalar of 100). Data were acquired using a 0.25-s shot rate, a 5-ms pulse length, and a 0.5 to 8 kHz frequency sweep. Recorded trace lengths were approximately 200 ms (4340 samples/trace and .000046-s sample interval). Process_Step: Process_Description: Processing Seismic Data: SIOSEIS (version 2010.2.25) was used to read SEG-Y files, renumber shots starting from one, and write out new SEG-Y files. The original shot numbers, which were assigned by SonarWiz sequentially over the duration of an acquisition session despite SEG-Y file changes, are preserved in the raw SEG-Y data - preparing the data for input into the Landmark SeisWorksTM 2D (R5000) seismic interpretation software. Wayne E. Baldwin performed this and all subsequent process steps. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Wayne E. Baldwin Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2226 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2311 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Seismic Unix (version 4.2) was used to read renumbered SEG-Y files, write a Seismic Unix file, and extract SEG-Y trace header information, including shot number, longitude, latitude, year, Julian day, and time of day (UTC). Header information from each SEG-Y file was saved to text files after an AWK (no version) filter was used to maintain the first and last shots, shots at multiples of 100, and shots with unique navigation coordinates. Geographic coordinates (WGS84) were converted to UTM zone 18 coordinates (WGS84) using Proj (version 4.6.0). End shots and shots at multiples of 100 may not have unique navigation coordinates. Separate text files containing the first and last shots and even 500 shot intervals were also saved. A 500 shot interval was chosen because it corresponds to the annotation interval provided along the top of the seismic-reflection profile images. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: An AWK (no version) script was used to apply layback to seismic navigation. The script utilized a read-and-do loop to calculate and apply layback offsets to trace positions. During the initial loop through the script: 1) Easting and northing coordinates (UTM Zone 18, WGS84) for the first five traces of input navigation were read and easting and northing differentials between the consecutive positions were calculated; 2) The signs (+/-) of the differential values were compared to a look-up table to determine the appropriate conversion of the arc tangent (atan2(dy,dx)) angle between consecutive positions to a polar azimuth; 3) The average of the polar azimuths was calculated; 4) The sine and cosine of the average azimuth was calculated and multiplied by the linear distance between the catamaran and the shipboard DGPS receiver (51.5m lines l14f1- l74f1; 43.2m lines l75f1 - ll92f1), providing absolute values for easting and northing offsets, respectively; 5) A look-up table was used to determine the quadrant of the average azimuth and appropriately add or subtract the calculated offsets to the easting and northing coordinates of the first three input traces, producing final layback positions for those traces; 6) Layback and original easting and northing coordinates for the three adjusted traces were printed to a new layback navigation file that also retained additional attributes input records; and 7) Easting and northing coordinates of the fourth and fifth traces, the three azimuths computed between traces two, three, four, and five, and the average azimuth were held as input for calculations conducted in the subsequent loop. During subsequent loops through the script: 1) Easting and northing coordinates for three additional traces from input navigation were read, and easting and northing differentials were calculated between the consecutive positions, including the last trace position held from the previous loop; 2) Three new polar azimuths were calculated using the differential values, then a new average azimuth was calculated from the three that were held, the new three, and the average held from the previous loop (the previously calculated average was factored into the new average to smooth "kinks" along the layback navigation that can result from significantly different average azimuths calculated from one loop to the next); 3) new layback offset values were computed, and applied to the easting and northing coordinates of the last two traces input during the previous loop, and the first trace input during the present loop; 4) layback and original easting and northing coordinates for the three adjusted traces were appended to the layback navigation file started in the previous loop; and 5) easting and northing coordinates of the second and third traces, the three new azimuths, and the average azimuth from the present loop were held as input for calculations conducted in the subsequent loop. Near the end of the input navigation file: 1) if less than three traces were present during a new loop, the layback offsets calculated during the previous loop were applied to remaining trace coordinates; 2) layback and original easting and northing coordinates for the remaining adjusted traces were appended to the layback navigation file; and 3) the script reached its end, closed, and saved the layback navigation file. In this fashion, the script approximated a moving window, in which the average of six trace-to-trace azimuths was used to calculate layback offsets for three central trace positions. Exceptions were at the start of a file, where the first three input trace positions were adjusted using offsets calculated from the average of only four azimuths, and possibly at the end of a file, where remaining traces may have been adjusted using the offsets calculated during the previous loop. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: Text files containing unique shot point positions for each seismic line were concatenated into a comma-delimited text file. Unique navigation (containing shot, x, y, and line number) and SEG-Y files were used as input to LandMark SeisWorksTM 2D (R5000) seismic interpretation software. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: CHIRP seismic reflection data were interpreted using Landmark SeisWorksTM 2D (R5000) seismic interpretation software. Interpretation consisted of identifying and digitizing erosional unconformities defining the boundaries between Holocene, Pleistocene, and pre-Quaternary seismic units. An isochron representing the two-way travel time between the Holocene transgressive unconformity and seafloor horizon was computed, then sampled at a 20-meter along track interval and exported from SeisWorks as ASCII text. Awk (no version) was used to convert two-way travel times to thickness in meters using a constant seismic velocity of 1500 m/s. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: Mass points representing the isopach computed in the previous step were imported into ArcMap (9.3.1) as point features (easting, northing, thickness) using the 'Add XY data' function, then saved as a point shapefile. The ArcMap (9.3.1) Spatial Analyst tool 'Topo to Raster' was used to create an interpolated grid of the isopach with a 50 meter cell size. Inputs for Topo to Raster consisted of the isopach point shapefile (mass points), and a polygon shapefile traced around the input mass-points (hard clip). (Drainage enforcement was not used). Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: The ArcMap (9.3.1) 'Raster Calculator' was used to set grid cells with thickness values less than 0.5 meters to null using a SETNULL expression. Process_Date: 2013 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 452 Column_Count: 895 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 50.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 50.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Value Entity_Type_Definition: Thickness (in meters) of Holocene marine sediment on the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Holocene sediment thickness in Esri grid format. Data values represent thickness of Holocene sediment on the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jane F. Denny Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2311 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2311 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: AIG Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3.1 Format_Specification: Esri Raster GRID format Format_Information_Content: WinZip file (version 14.0) contains three Esri grids (and associated metadata) that define the Holocene sediment thickness (in meters, fi_hiso), the elevation of the Holocene transgressive surface (NAVD88, fi_hts) and the elevation of the coastal plain unconformity beneath the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY (NAVD88, fi_cpun). The zip file also contains layer files (.lyr) to aid in display of the data within ArcGIS. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 1.6 MB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/GIS/grids/fi_seismic.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/html/ofr2014-1203-data_catalog.html Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the Internet Fees: none Custom_Order_Process: none Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available as a ArcInfo 32-bit floating point binary grid in Esri format. The floating point binary grid and associated 'info' folder are stored in one folder 'seismic' that has been compressed using WinZip (ver. 14.0) software. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcRaster grid. The zip file also contains associated metadata. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20141017 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jane F. Denny Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 394 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2311 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2311 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile