2-meter backscatter images produced from 20 multibeam hydrographic surveys collected off the Delmarva Peninsula by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service between 2006 and 2011 (TIFF, UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
2-meter backscatter images produced from 20 multibeam hydrographic surveys collected off the Delmarva Peninsula by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service between 2006 and 2011 (TIFF, UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2014-1262
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/DATA/ofr2014_1262_NOS_2m_backscatter_TIFFs.zip>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: E.A. Pendleton
Originator: L.L. Brothers
Originator: E.R. Theiler
Originator: W.W. Danforth
Originator: C.E. Parker
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hydrographic Survey Data Collected Offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula Reprocessed and Repurposed for a U.S. Geological Survey Regional Geologic Framework Study
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2014-1262
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/>
Online_Linkage: <https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262>
Description:
Abstract:
Between 2006 and 2011 Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), under contract by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS), collected twenty-three hydrographic surveys totaling over 4100 square-kilometers of Reson multibeam bathymetric and Klein sidescan-sonar data for the purposes of updating nautical charts. Data extended from the entrance of Delaware Bay south to Parramore Island in water depths from about 3 to 35 meters below mean lower low water. Data were collected at a fixed 40-meter line spacing which provided 40-100 percent seafloor coverage for multibeam bathymetry. NOS releases processed bathymetry via an interactive map interface in bathymetry attributed grid (BAG) format. All twenty-three survey datasets were downloaded, merged, resampled, and interpolated to fill data gaps. Sidescan data products are limited within the Delmarva survey area and there are no multibeam backscatter data products available. The U.S. Geological Survey obtained the raw RESON multibeam data files from SAIC and NOAA for twenty of the hydrographic surveys and extracted the backscatter data using Quality Positioning Service's (QPS) Fledermaus FMGeocoder Toolbox (FMGT) to produce backscatter mosaics for the inner-continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula. Backscatter mosaics and regional seamless bathymetric datasets created from NOAA data are a valuable tool for characterizing seafloor geology, sediment transport pathways, and marine resources. Additionally, obtaining this near full seafloor coverage backscatter and bathymetry dataset from an existing source greatly increased project deliverables, geophysical survey efficiency, collaboration among government agencies, and the area over which geologic data interpretations can be conducted by the USGS.
Purpose:
These 20 2-m interpolated backscatter surfaces were created from NOAA-NOS hydrographic survey datasets. Backscatter mosaic images are useful geophysical datasets for geologic framework studies. USGS extracted these backscatter data from NOAA surveys and created seamless mosaics to use in a geologic framework investigation.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20060601
Ending_Date: 20110930
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.633
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.569
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.816
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.490
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Theme_Keyword: National Ocean Service
Theme_Keyword: National Geophysical Data Center
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: NOAA
Theme_Keyword: NOS
Theme_Keyword: NGDC
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Multibeam backscatter
Theme_Keyword: Reson 8101
Theme_Keyword: Reson 7125
Theme_Keyword: backscatter
Theme_Keyword: TIFF
Theme_Keyword: seamless mosaic image
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11647
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11648
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11649
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11872
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11873
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11874
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11992
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12001
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12002
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12003
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12091
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12092
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12093
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12094
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12160
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12161
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12336
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12337
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12338
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12339
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Delmarva Peninsula
Place_Keyword: Delaware
Place_Keyword: Maryland
Place_Keyword: Virginia
Place_Keyword: Ocean City
Place_Keyword: Mid-Atlantic
Place_Keyword: Salisbury
Place_Keyword: Cape Henlopen
Place_Keyword: Rehoboth
Place_Keyword: Lewes
Place_Keyword: Delaware Bay
Place_Keyword: Isle of Wight
Place_Keyword: Assateague Island
Place_Keyword: Assateague Island National Seashore
Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Island
Place_Keyword: Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge
Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Inlet
Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Bay
Place_Keyword: Wallops Island
Place_Keyword: Parramore Island
Place_Keyword: Hog Island
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Stratum_Keyword: seafloor
Stratum_Keyword: seafloor
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Elizabeth Pendleton
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2259
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508)-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/DATA/Backscatter/BS_all.png>
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
thumbnail image of regional backscatter mosaics for Delmarva Peninsula
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: png
Data_Set_Credit:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Geophysical Data Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Version 7.0 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: International Hydrographic Organization
Publication_Date: 2008
Title: IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys
Edition: 5th
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Special Publication
Issue_Identification: 44
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Monaco
Publisher: International Hydrographic Bureau
Online_Linkage: <http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-44_5E.pdf>
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
These backscatter mosaic images were created from 20 NOAA-NOS multibeam echosounder (MBES) datasets. NOAA/NOS publishes the bathymetry data in .bag format through NGDC Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/hydro.html>. However, MBES backscatter data are not published and even sidescan sonar datasets are limited within this area (only 9 of 23 sidescan H-survey datasets are published through NGDC). In order to create a seamless backscatter mosaic, 20 of the 23 MBES surveys were obtained in their semi-raw form (.gsf format) and were processed to extract backscatter using Quality Positioning Service’s (QPS) Fledermaus FMGeocoder Toolbox (FMGT) software . All individual mosaics follow the same color convention: Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). A DN value of 200 is not necessarily equal among surveys. The file naming convention of the TIFF images follows the Hydrograpic Survey number assigned by NOAA and SAIC.
Completeness_Report:
These images include Reson 8101 and 7125 MBES backscatter collected during 20 M/V Atlantic Surveyor cruises conducted by SAIC for the purposes of updating NOAA nautical charts. The individual hydrographic survey grids can be downloaded by visiting NGDC's Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products: <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/hydro.html> There are 23 H-surveys in the bathymetric grid, but only 20 H-surveys could be obtained in .gsf format for backscatter extraction. NOAA was not able to provide .gsf format MBES data for H-surveys H11554, H11555, and H11650.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Data collected under contract with NOAA for Nautical Charting must conform to IHO (International Hydrographic Organization) S-44 standards, which is 5-meters + 5% of water depth, horizontally in areas where under-keel clearance is of concern. This ensures that any sounding that falls outside of the maximum allowable horizontal position offset will not be used in depth calculations. Positioning confidence checks are performed daily during hydrographic surveys for NOAA and these checks can be viewed for the individual descriptive reports (see the source data for links to reports). Because MBES backscatter is co-located with the MBES bathymetry, the horizontal accuracies are the same.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: NOAA-NOS
Publication_Date: 2009-2011
Title:
NOAA Hydrographic Surveys using Reson 8101 MBES along the Delmarva Peninsula
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Descriptive Reports
Issue_Identification:
H11647, H11648, H11649, H11872, H11873, H11874, H11992, and H12161.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newport, RI
Publisher: Leidos (formerly SAIC)
Other_Citation_Details:
8 Reson 8101 surveys were used to construct this regional backscatter dataset. The descriptive reports are listed in the Source Information and an inclusive citation is shown here. Bathymetry data and accompanying reports can be accessed through NGDC via the online linkage URL.
Online_Linkage:
<http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70>
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20060601
Ending_Date: 20101217
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Reson 8101
Source_Contribution:
These hydrographic reports and data provided valuable information on the source RESON 8101 MBES backscatter data that went into these backscatter mosaics. The data were acquired between 2006 and 2011 by SAIC for NOAA aboard M/V Atlantic Surveyor. A hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 8101(240 kHz) was used to acquire the multibeam echosounder data. Below is a list of references for the individual H-survey descriptive reports that used the Reson 8101 Seabat sonar. Survey bathymetry data and descriptive reports can be downloaded through the NGDC's Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products (<http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70>). Semi-raw .gsf format data can be obtained by request through NGDC. Data accessed on September 12, 2014.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007, Descriptive report for survey H11647, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-07: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 07-TR-008, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11647/DR/H11647.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007, Descriptive report for survey H11648, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-07: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 07-TR-009, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11648/DR/H11648.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007, Descriptive report for survey H11649, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-07: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 07-TR-010, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11649/DR/H11649.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11872, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-035, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11872/DR/H11872.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11873, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-043, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11873/DR/H11873.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11874, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-044, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11874/DR/H11874.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11992, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-045, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11992/DR/H11992.pdf>
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-003, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12161/DR/H12161.pdf>
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: NOAA-NOS
Publication_Date: 2006-2010
Title:
NOAA Hydrographic Surveys using Reson 7125 MBES along the Delmarva Peninsula
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Descriptive Reports
Issue_Identification:
H12001, H12002, H12003, H12091, H12092, H12093, H12094, H12160, H12336, H12337, H12338, and H12339
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newport, RI
Publisher: Leidos (formerly SAIC)
Other_Citation_Details:
12 Reson 7125 surveys were used to construct this regional backscatter dataset. The descriptive reports are listed in the Source Information and an inclusive citation is shown here. Bathymetry data and accompanying reports can be accessed through NGDC via the online linkage URL.
Online_Linkage:
<http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70>
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20091009
Ending_Date: 20110930
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Reson 7125
Source_Contribution:
These hydrographic reports and data provided valuable information on the source RESON 7125 MBES backscatter data that went into these backscatter mosaics. The data were acquired between 2006 and 2011 by SAIC for NOAA aboard M/V Atlantic Surveyor. A hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 7125(200 and 400 kHz) was used to acquire the multibeam echosounder data. Below is a list of references for the individual H-survey descriptive reports that used the Reson 7125 Seabat sonar. Survey bathymetry data and descriptive reports can be downloaded through the NGDC's Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products (<http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70>).
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2009, Descriptive report for survey H12001, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-001, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12001/DR/H12001.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12002, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-002, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12002/DR/H12002.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12003, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-003, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12003/DR/H12003.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12091, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-004, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12091/DR/H12091.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12092, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-030, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12092/DR/H12092.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12093, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-001, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12093/DR/H12093.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12094, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-040, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12094/DR/H12094.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12160, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-10: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-005, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12160/DR/H12160.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12336, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-030, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12336/DR/H12336.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12337, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 12-TR-003, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12337/DR/H12337.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12338, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 12-TR-004, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12338/DR/H12338.pdf>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12339, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 12-TR-005, accessed September 12, 2014 at <http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12339/DR/H12339.pdf>
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Semi-raw MBES data were obtained from NGDC by request through the NOS Hydrographic data manager, (LTJG David Rodziewicz, NOAA Corps) and through Rebecca T. Quintal of Leidos (formerly SAIC). Semi-raw means that the data have some offsets and corrections applied (i.e. tides, atitude, and positioning), but the data are still in the native Reson acquisition format. NOAA and SAIC were able to supply .gsf format files for 20 of the 23 H-surveys requested. Quality Positioning Service’s (QPS) Fledermaus FMGeocoder Toolbox (FMGT) software (version 7.4.1) was used to import the semi-raw MBES data and extract the backscatter. This process step and all of the following process steps were completed by the following Process Contact:
Process_Date: 20140825
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Elizabeth Pendleton
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2259
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508)-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The 20 hydrographic surveys were processed individually in FMGT to allow modification of processing parameters among surveys (i.e. modification of ocean absorption coefficients). All the MBES backscatter data were processed as uncalibrated, beam-averaged, logarithmic space (dB) data in either Reson 8101 or 7125 MBES data. Ocean absorption coefficients were not modified for the Reson 8101 data, but the Reson 7125 data were processed with ocean absorption coefficients between 70 and 120, based on information in a technical note published by QPS Fledermaus FMGT developers (https://confluence.qps.nl/display/KBE/Technical+Note+3%3A+Absorption+coefficient). The best ocean absorption coefficient was arrived at by testing a few lines at a time and estimating water temperature, salinity, and sonar frequency.
Process_Date: 20140826
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
After data were imported to FMGT, the backscatter was processed based on the user defined inputs described in the previous step and a mosaic was made for the entire survey by defining a mosaic resolution (2-m for all 20 surveys) and bounding extents (based on the survey tracklines). The processing steps of FMGT are not complex and user-input is limited, but the computational time for processing a single survey from import to processing to mosaic can take up to 24 hours to complete on a 64-bit computer with 4 processers and 12.0 GB of RAM.
Process_Date: 20140831
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
After satisfactory mosaic images for each survey were produced with FMGT, survey mosaics were exported as 2-m per pixel GeoTIFF images. The native horizontal coordinate system was GCS, NAD83, so the GeoTIFFs were reprojected in ArcMap (version 10.2) using the NAD83_to_WGS84_5 transformation from GCS to UTM Zone 18N. A .tfw was also created for each GeoTIFF in ArcMAP
Process_Date: 20140831
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Because the data were collected at a set-line spacing of 40-m, some gaps between adjacent lines existed in areas shallower than ~ 10-meters. Matlab (R2014a) was used to fill null values (gaps between adjacent lines and small data drop outs in backscatter) in the GeoTIFFS by interpolating backscatter values from surrounding pixels (f(x) inpaintNaNs). Surveys with an average depth greater than 10-m did not require much interpolation. The background of each image was given a value of 253, so that the background would not be interpolated. The edges of the backscatter mosaic were trimmed in Photoshop (version CS6) to remove interpolation artifacts and trackline dangles.
Process_Date: 20140831
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 18
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
False_Easting: 500000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 2.0
Ordinate_Resolution: 2.0
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Depth_System_Definition:
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The background color is set to 2 and can be turned off without removing data values.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2259
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
USGS Open-File Report 2014-1262 backscatter images from the Delmarva Peninsula area (NOS_2m_backscatter_TIFFs.zip). The zip file contains the following TIFF images: H11647_2m.tif, H11648_2m.tif, H11649_2m.tif, H11872_2m.tif, H11873_2m.tif, H11874_2m.tif, H11992_2m.tif, H12001_2m.tif, H12002_2m.tif, H12003_2m.tif, H12091_2m.tif, H12092_2m.tif, H12093_2m.tif, H12094_2m.tif, H12160_2m.tif, H12161_2m.tif, H12336_2m.tif, H12337_2m.tif, H12338_2m.tif, and H12339_2m.tif. Each image has a TIFF world file, with the same image prefix name, with the extension tfw. The browse graphic PNG file (BS_all.png) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata files (Hsurvey_backscatter.xml.html, Hsurvey_backscatter.xml.txt, Hsurvey_backscatter.xml.xml, Hsurvey_backscatter.xml_faq.html)are also in the zip file.
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: Matlab R2014a
Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image
Format_Information_Content:
The zip file (WinZip v. 14.5) contains a folder with 20 TIFF images at 2-meter resolution and the associated metadata and world files.
File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip
Transfer_Size: 240 MB
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/DATA/ofr2014_1262_NOS_2m_backscatter_TIFFs.zip>
Network_Resource_Name: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/>
Network_Resource_Name: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/html/GIS_catalog.html>
Network_Resource_Name: <https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262>
Fees: None
Custom_Order_Process: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The images contained in the ZIP file are available as GeoTIFF images with world files. To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, or an image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a TIFF image.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20140917
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Generated by mp version 2.9.21 on Wed Dec 24 10:44:50 2014