Shorelines for the northern Alaska coastal region used in shoreline change analysis, 1947 to 2012

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Shorelines for the northern Alaska coastal region used in shoreline change analysis, 1947 to 2012
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2015-1030
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz and Menlo Park, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage:
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/downloads/EastChukchi_shorelines.zip
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian Border to Icy Cape
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Website
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2015-1030
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/
Description:
Abstract:
The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native American communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the north coast of Alaska is chronic, widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project. There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner.
Purpose:
This dataset includes shorelines from ranging from 1947 to 2012 for the north coast of Alaska between the U.S.-Canadian Border and Icy Cape. Shorelines were compiled from T-sheets (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), aerial orthophotographs (U.S. Geological Survey, ConocoPhillips and BP-Alaska), QuickBird satellite imagery (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and lidar (U.S. Geological Survey). Historical shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. These data are used to calculate rates of shoreline change for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Assessment Project. Rates of shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1947
Ending_Date: 2012
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -161.954353051
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.475510823
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.389682113
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.2327821789
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Rate
Theme_Keyword: Endpoint Rate
Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Theme_Keyword: DSAS
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Theme_Keyword: NOAA
Theme_Keyword: Coastal Services Center
Theme_Keyword: CSC
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: North Slope
Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea
Place_Keyword: Barrow
Place_Keyword: Demarcation Bay
Place_Keyword: Jago River
Place_Keyword: Staines River
Place_Keyword: Sagavanirktok River
Place_Keyword: Colville River
Place_Keyword: Cape Halkett
Place_Keyword: Harrison Bay
Place_Keyword: Drew Point
Place_Keyword: Tangent Point
Place_Keyword: Smith Bay
Place_Keyword: Elson Lagoon
Place_Keyword: Peard Bay
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Arctic
Place_Keyword: National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska
Place_Keyword: NPR-A
Place_Keyword: ANWR
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Ann E. Gibbs
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr.
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: agibbs@usgs.gov
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.1 (Build 3035) Service Pack 1 (Build 3143)
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Bruce M. Richmond
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian Border to Icy Cape
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2015-1030
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: E.R. Thieler
Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss
Originator: J.L. Zichichi
Originator: A. Ergul
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1278
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Other_Citation_Details: Current version at time of use was 4.3
Online_Linkage: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/
Online_Linkage:
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/version4/
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS)
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
Scanned National Ocean Service (NOS) Coastal Survey Maps (also known as Topographic Survey sheets, or T-sheets)
Series_Information:
Series_Name: NOAA shoreline manuscripts (T-sheets)
Issue_Identification: unknown
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.
Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The data provided here are a compilation of shorelines from multiple sources, spanning 65 years. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty calculations included in the corresponding report.
Completeness_Report:
This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Shoreline data have been acquired from 1947 to 2012, the horizontal accuracy of which varies with respect to data source from which the shorelines were digitized and the time period. Shorelines digitized from the 1940s T-sheets have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 16 meters. Shorelines generated from 1997-2007 orthophotos have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 3-4 meters. Shorelines generated from 2003 QuickBird imagery, 2002 and 2005 USGS Digital Orthophoto Quarter-Quadrangles(DOQQs), and 2010-2012 lidar data have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 6 meters. Please visit the ?Shoreline Position Uncertainty' section in the corresponding USGS Open-File Report (Gibbs and others, 2014; https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/)for a complete explanation of the measurement uncertainties associated with these shorelines.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Shoreline data were sought in an effort to compile as many quality shorelines as possible for the region. T-sheets were obtained from NOAA as scanned raster images. Aerial photos were acquired from USGS Alaska Science Center, ConocoPhillips, and BP-Alaska. QuickBird satellite imagery was acquired from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Lidar data were acquired from USGS.
Process_Date: 2009
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
T-sheets were geo-registered using Esri ArcMap software (v.9.3) by placing 8-20 well-spaced ground control points (GCP) at gridline intersections and applying a third order polynomial transformation. Some T-sheets may have required additional coordinate transformation information from NOAA to account for datum offsets between historical datums (USSD) and modern datums (NAD27 or NAD83). Datum transformations were applied to GCP coordinates prior to registration. Total RMS error for the rectification process was maintained below 0.0001 degrees, which is approximately 11 m at this latitude. Typically the resulting RMSE was much lower than 0.0001 degree.
Process_Date: 2009
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Vector shorelines were digitized from all data sources using standard editing tools in ArcMap v9.3. Quality assessments were performed and shorelines were edited to remove any overlap between adjacent shorelines.
Process_Date: 2010
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
T-sheet derived shorelines were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.9.3) Data Management Tools >; Projections and Transformations >; Feature >; Project. Parameters: input projection = geographic (NAD 83); output projection = UTM zone XN (NAD 83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone).
Process_Date: 2010
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Shorelines from all sources were merged in Esri?s ArcToolbox; Data Management Tools > General > Merge to produce a single shoreline file for each UTM zone. The final shoreline dataset was coded with attribute fields Date_, Uncy, Default_D, Year_, Source, Source_a, and Shape_Leng.
Process_Date: 2011
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The appended shoreline file was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v9.3 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import (feature class) for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v4.3 software to perform rate calculations.
Process_Date: 2012
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The shoreline feature class was exported from the personal geodatabase back to a shapefile in Esri?s ArcCatalog v10.1 by right-clicking on the shoreline file > Export > To Shapefile (single) for publication purposes.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The data were projected in Esri?s ArcToolbox v10.1 > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection = UTM zone XN (NAD83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone); output projection = geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983.
Process_Date: 2014
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 164
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.0196083139
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0572155717
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal seconds
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table containing attribute information associated with the data set.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Date_
Attribute_Definition:
Date of shoreline position; date of survey as indicated on source material. A default date of 07/01 was assigned to shorelines where only the year was known (month and day unknown). Using July, the mid-point month of the calendar year, minimizes the potential offset to the actual shoreline date by a maximum of six months.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 06/21/2010
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 07/01/1949
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 07/24/2010
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 07/25/2005
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 08/01/1947
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 08/02/2010
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 08/12/2012
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 09/12/2011
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Uncy
Attribute_Definition:
Estimate of total estimated shoreline position uncertainty. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value (plus or minus, meters). The uncertainty was determined by the equation in USGS Open-File Report (OFR) 2015-1030 (cross-referenced in this metadata file).
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6
Range_Domain_Maximum: 16
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Default_D
Attribute_Definition:
Differentiates between shorelines that have known month and day attributes and those that use the default value of 07/01 when only the year is known.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline month and day are known
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Shoreline month and day are unknown and default value of 07/01 was used
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Year_
Attribute_Definition: Four digit year of shoreline
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1947
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2012
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Source
Attribute_Definition:
Agency that provided shoreline feature and the data source used to digitize shoreline feature.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Alaska SDMI orthoimagery
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
State of Alaska Digital Mapping Initiative orthoimagery (http://www.alaskamapped.org/ortho/)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: NOAA Nautical Chart
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Nautical Charts
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: NOAA T-Sheet
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Topographic Sheets
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: USGS - DOQQs
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quandragle orthophotgraphy
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: USGS - lidar
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
U.S. Geological Survey northern Alaska coastal lidar elevation data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Source_a
Attribute_Definition:
Specific source ID of data used used to digitize shoreline feature.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng
Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meters units
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 107.402945742
Range_Domain_Maximum: 69570.3592386
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr.
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Resource_Description: EastChukchi_shorelines.zip
Distribution_Liability:
This information is not intended for navigational purposes. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: vector digital data
Format_Version_Number: 9.0
Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile
Format_Information_Content:
This WinZip file contains a shapefile of historic shorelines from 1947 to 2012 for the shorelines of the Alaska North Coast region from the U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape and associated metadata.
File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip
Transfer_Size: 0.418
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/downloads/EastChukchi_shorelines.zip
Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW).
Fees: None
Technical_Prerequisites:
This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20141125
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Ann E. Gibbs
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr.
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: agibbs@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Generated by mp version 2.9.32 on Thu Jul 9 12:03:55 2015