Open-File Report 2015–1107
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First posted July 30, 2015
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Benson, M.E., and Wilson, A.B., 2015, Frac sand in the United States—A geological and industry overview: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1107, 78 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151107.
ISSN 2331–1258 (online)
Abstract
Introduction—Overview of Frac Sand as a Commodity
Physical Properties of Premium Quality Frac Sand
Ideal Frac Sand Deposit
Petroleum Industry Use of Frac Sand
Principal Producing Frac Sand Source Units in the United States
Deposit Model: Geological Origin and Preservation of Frac Sand Deposits
Alternative Proppants
Resin-Coated Proppant Substrate Sand Source Units in the United States
Potential Additional Frac Sand or Proppant Substrate Sand Sources in the United States
GIS Data Delineating Frac Sand/Proppant Sand Source Units in the United States
Frac Sand/Proppant Industry Activity in North America
Resource Development of Frac Sand in the United States
Frac Sand Consumption History in the United States
Current Challenges to the Frac Sand Industry
Global Outlook for Frac Sand and Alternative Proppants
Acknowledgments
References Cited
Glossary
Appendix 1. Explanation of Map Units Shown on Plate 1 and in Map Figures