Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Muriel S. Grim Originator: Florence L. Wong Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Digital data for sediment thickness in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin based on 1984 surveys Edition: Version 1.0, 2012 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz and Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Florence L. Wong Originator: Muriel S. Grim Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Depth-to-basement, sediment-thickness, and bathymetry data for the Deep-Sea Basins offshore of Washington, Oregon, and California Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: OF 2015-1118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1118 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151118 Description: Abstract: Contours of sediment thickness for the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin offshore of Washington, Oregon, and California were were interpreted from GLORIA (Paskevich and others, 2011) sidescan imagery and related seismic-reflection data and were published as maps in paper format (Gardner and others, 1992, 1993a, 1993b). Purpose: Provide digital vector data for previously published maps. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. The data can be to display geologic and oceanographic information. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activities from which this data set was derived are available online at > >http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f184sc/html/f-1-84-sc.meta.html >http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f284nc/html/f-2-84-nc.meta.html >http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f384nc/html/f-3-84-nc.meta.html >http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f484wo/html/f-4-84-wo.meta.html > Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. > ------------------ > (modified from Gardner and others, 1992) > The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of cruises in 1984, EEZSCAN 84 (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986; U.S. Geological Survey activities F-1-84-SC, F-2-84-NC, F-3-84-NC, F-4-84-WO), to collect reconnaissance data on the newly proclaimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the area out to 200 nautical miles from the coastline of the United States. The cruises systematically surveyed the entire conterminous United States west coast EEZ using the Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic (GLORIA) side-scan sonar, a 160-cubic-inch airgun seismic-reflection profiler, a 3.5-kHz high-resolution seismic-reflection profiler, a 10-kHz echo sounder, and a proton-precession magnetometer. The nominal trackline spacing throughout the survey was 30 km. > Derivative maps of sediment thickness (Gardner and others, 1992a, 1993a, 1993b) and depth to basement (Gardner and others, 1992b, 1993c, 1993d)) in the basins of the west coast EEZ were compiled from both the sonar-image data and the deep-penetration seismic data obtained on these cruises. Only EEZ-SCAN 84 data were used for the map compilations because available data from other cruises in this region are sparsely located, have poor navigational control, or were obtained with seismic systems that were not powerful enough to resolve oceanic basement. Sediment thickness and depth to basement were determined only in the deep-ocean basin regions because the seismic system used on the EEZ-SCAN 84 cruises could not resolve oceanic basement beneath the thick sediments of the continental slope. All the data used to compile the maps are presented in the "Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States" (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986) and are now available online (Paskevich and others, 2011). > Basement Outcrops > GLORIA imagery was used to locate areas of basement outcrop throughout the region. Where possible, sediment thickness on and immediately adjacent to basement outcrops was measured from seismic data. Where there was no bathymetric or seismic control, a seamount peak was assumed to have no sediment cover. > Data Reduction > Acoustic basement in the basins, invariably oceanic Layer 2, was observed on all of the seismic records. One-way traveltime was measured from the seafloor to acoustic basement. Because the trackline spacing of about 30 km is relatively large compared to the data density along track, the sediment thickness was measured every 0.5 hour or at an interval of approximately 7.5 km. Water depth was measured with a 10-kHz profiler. Depth to basement was calculated using the sea surface as the zero datum and adding the corrected water depth (Carter, 1980) to the sediment thickness. Acoustic travel times were converted to depths by first calculating a regression equation from the interval velocity versus depth data of Connard and others (1984). Their data base comprises a compilation of all available Deep Sea Drilling Project data plus wide-angle refraction data, which were collected in Cascadia Basin west of Oregon and represents the best data set available for the United States west coast EEZ. The regression equation was integrated to determine sediment thickness as a function of one-way traveltime. The resulting equation is > z = 1400t + 0 .5t ^ 2 > where z is sediment thickness in meters, and t is one-way traveltime in seconds. Sediment thicknesses calculated using this equation were compared to values calculated from the general equation of Carlson and others (1986). Values for sediment thickness calculated by the two equations differed by no greater than 10 percent throughout the range of travel times. > References Cited > Carlson, R.L., Gangi, A.F., and Snow, K.R., 1986, Empirical reflection-traveltime/ depth and velocity/depth functions for the deep-sea sediment column: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8249-8266. > Carter, D.J.T., 1980, Echo-sounding correction tables: Taunton, United Kingdom, Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, 150 p. > Chase, T.E., Wilde, Pat, Normark, W.R, Miller, C.P., Seekins, B.A., and Young, J.D., 1981, Offshore topography of the Western United States between 32 and 49 North latitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-443, scale 1:864,518 at 38 latitude, 2 sheets, http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr81443 > Connard, G., Couch, R., Keeling , K., Roy, J., and Troseth, S., 1984, Abyssal plain and continental net-objective sedimentary thicknesses, in Kulm, L.D., and others, eds., Western North America continental margin and adjacent ocean floor off Oregon and Washington, Atlas 1 of Regional Atlas Series, Ocean Margin Drilling Program: Woods Hole, Mass., Marine Science International, sheet 7. > EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986, Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1792, scale 1:500,000, 152 p., http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i1792 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1984 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -131.0828 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.0384 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.3854 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.64154 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: GLORIA Theme_Keyword: EEZ Theme_Keyword: exclusive economic zone Theme_Keyword: sediment thickness Theme_Keyword: sediment isopach Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Marine Sediments > Sedimentation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: north Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: northeastern Pacific Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: These data are not to be used at scales greater than 1:500,000. > This information is not intended for navigational purposes. > Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. > Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. > This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. > Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Florence L. Wong Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025-3561 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5327 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fwong@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1118/image/cowthk.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: thumbnail image of cowthk.shp Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.2 (Build 3497) Service Pack [N/A] (Build [N/A]) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gardner, J.V. Originator: Cacchione, D.A. Originator: Drake, D.E. Originator: Edwards, B.D. Originator: Field, M.E. Originator: Hampton, M.A. Originator: Karl, H.A. Originator: Kenyon, N.H. Originator: Masson, D.G. Originator: McCulloch, D S Originator: Grim, M S Publication_Date: 1992 Title: Map showing sediment thickness in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Point Conception to Point Loma Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper map Series_Information: Series_Name: U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Issue_Identification: I-2089-A, 1 sheet Other_Citation_Details: scale: 1:1,000,000; Gardner and others (1992) Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2089/a/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gardner, J.V. Originator: Cacchione, D.A. Originator: Drake, D.E. Originator: Edwards, B.D. Originator: Field, M.E. Originator: Hampton, M.A. Originator: Karl, H.A. Originator: Kenyon, N.H. Originator: Masson, D.G. Originator: McCulloch, D S Originator: Grim, M S Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Map showing sediment thickness in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Cape Mendocino to Point Conception Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper map Series_Information: Series_Name: U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Issue_Identification: I-2090-A, 1 sheet Other_Citation_Details: scale: 1:1,000,000; Gardner and others (1993a) Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2090/a/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gardner, J.V. Originator: Cacchione, D.A. Originator: Drake, D.E. Originator: Edwards, B.D. Originator: Field, M.E. Originator: Hampton, M.A. Originator: Karl, H.A. Originator: Kenyon, N.H. Originator: Masson, D.G. Originator: McCulloch, D S Originator: Grim, M S Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Map showing sediment thickness in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper map Series_Information: Series_Name: U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Issue_Identification: I-2091-A, 1 sheet Other_Citation_Details: scale: 1:1,000,000; Gardner and others (1993b) Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2089/a/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Paskevich, Valerie F. Originator: Wong, Florence L. Originator: O'Malley, John J. Originator: Stevenson, Andrew J. Originator: Gutmacher, Christina E. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1332 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C. Amante Originator: B.W. Eakins Publication_Date: 2009 Title: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis Series_Information: Series_Name: NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS Issue_Identification: NGDC-24. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Other_Citation_Details: 19 p.; Amante and Eakins, 2009. Online_Linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO1/docs/ETOPO1.pdf Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Not available. Logical_Consistency_Report: Attributes mean the same thing throughout the data set. Completeness_Report: Complete Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A comparison of bedrock polygons with ETOPO1 bathymetry (Amante and Eakins, 2009) shows a displacement of seamount or ridge features of as much as 10 km. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Sediment thicknesses calculated using the equation listed in Supplemental_Information were compared to values calculated from the general equation of Carlson and others (1986). Values for sediment thickness calculated by the two equations differed by no greater than 10 percent throughout the range of travel times. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Muriel Grim digitized and edited mylar source maps provided by J.V. Gardner. Original data were formatted for MAPGEN application (Evenden, 1991; Grim, 1992). Process_Date: 1990 (approx) Process_Step: Process_Description: Florence Wong converted data files to ArcInfo format. Process_Date: 1993 (approx) Process_Step: Process_Description: ArcInfo coverage converted to shapefile and projected to geographic coordinate system. Process_Date: 2011 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1338 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal seconds Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: LTYPE Attribute_Definition: Vector line feature type Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: isopach Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: contour of depth to basement Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: scratch Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: boundary enclosing data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: LENGTH_M Attribute_Definition: Vector length Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 65 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1702600 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meter Attribute: Attribute_Label: THK_M Attribute_Definition: Sediment thickness Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2300 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meter Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Florence L. Wong Contact_Position: Geologist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025-3561 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5327 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fwong@usgs.gov Resource_Description: cowthk_shp.zip Distribution_Liability: This information is not intended for navigational purposes. > This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. > Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: shapefile Format_Version_Number: Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2 Format_Information_Content: This WinZip (v.14) file contains the sediment thickness contours polyline shapefile as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 0.6 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1118/data/cowthk_shp.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1118/data_catalog.html Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1118/ Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151118 Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20150404 Metadata_Review_Date: 201404 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Florence L. Wong Contact_Position: Geologist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025-3561 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5327 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fwong@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2") Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998