Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Originator: Jonathan C. Matti Originator: Pamela M. Cossette Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Geology of Joshua Tree National Park Geodatabase Edition: Edition Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: OFR 2015-1175 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151175 Description: Abstract: Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) lies within parts of Riverside and San Bernardino counties, southern California. The Park, established as a National Monument in 1936 and expanded and elevated to National Park status in 1994, currently extends over an area of 789,745 acres. More than half of that area is designated as wilderness. The Park is situated within the eastern part of California’s Transverse Ranges province and straddles the transition between the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. Geographically, it encompasses Pinto Basin and parts of Chuckwalla and Shavers Valleys and parts of the Cottonwood, Coxcomb, Eagle, Hexie, Little San Bernardino, and Pinto Mountains. The dataset contained in this Open-File Report geodatabase describes the geology of Joshua Tree National Park. The database represents the distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits. It delineates more than 200 units identified by general age and lithology, following the stratigraphic nomenclature guidelines of the U.S. Geological Survey and the North American Stratigraphic Code. National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography was used as the base for the geologic mapping. Mapped geologic units are limited by a neatline one kilometer outside the Park boundary. The geologically diverse terrain that underlies Joshua Tree National Park reveals a rich and varied geologic evolution, one that spans nearly two billion years of Earth history. The Park’s treasured landscape is the current expression of this evolution, its varied landforms reflecting the differing origins of underlying rock types and their differing responses to subsequent geologic events. Crystalline basement in the Park consists of Proterozoic plutonic and metamorphic rocks intruded by a composite Mesozoic batholith of Triassic through Late Cretaceous plutons arrayed in northwest-trending lithodemic belts. The basement was exhumed during the Cenozoic and underwent differential deep weathering beneath a low-relief erosion surface, with the deepest weathering profiles forming on quartz-rich, biotite-bearing granitoid rocks. Disruption of the basement terrain by faults of the San Andreas system began ca 20 Ma and the JOTR sinistral domain, preceded by basalt eruptions, began perhaps as early as ca 7 Ma, but no later than 5 Ma. Uplift of the mountain blocks during this interval led to erosional stripping of the thick zones of weathered quartz-rich granitoid rocks to form etchplains dotted by bouldery tors—the iconic landscape of the Park. The stripped debris filled basins along the fault zones. Mountain ranges and basins in the Park exhibit an east-west physiographic grain controlled by left-lateral fault zones that form a sinistral domain within the broad zone of dextral shear along the transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. Geologic and geophysical evidence reveal that movement on the sinistral faults zones has resulted in left steps along the zones, resulting in the development of sub-basins beneath Pinto Basin and Shavers and Chuckwalla Valleys. The sinistral fault zones connect the Mojave Desert dextral faults of the Eastern California Shear Zone to the north and east with the Coachella Valley strands of the southern San Andreas Fault Zone (SAFZ) to the west. Quaternary surficial deposits accumulated in alluvial washes and playas and lakes along the valley floors, in alluvial fans, washes, and sheet wash aprons along piedmonts flanking the mountain ranges, and in eolian dunes and sand sheets that span the transition from valley floor to piedmont slope. A sequence of at least three Quaternary pediments is planed into the north piedmonts of the Hexie and Eagle Mountains, each in turn overlain by successively younger residual and alluvial, surficial deposits. Purpose: The Joshua Tree National Park dataset has been prepared by staff on the USGS San Andreas Fault System in Southern California (SAFSOC) Project. The dataset represents the bringing together of efforts begun as a PhD dissertation by one of us (Powell), continued as a BLM-funded Wilderness Study Area, and then as a regional geologic mapping effort funded by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) through the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), the Basins and Landscape Coevolution (BALANCE) Project, and finally SAFSOC. NPS contributed funding as a cooperator in the mid-1990s. The JOTR data set represents part of an ongoing effort to create a regional GIS geologic database for southern California. This regional digital database, in turn, is being developed as a contribution to the National Geologic Map Database of NCGMP. The JOTR geologic geodatabase was sent as an administrative report to NPS in August 2014 for their internal use. The database provides NPS with a thorough foundation for land-management and park-planning decisions, including those involving water resources in the basins, mineral resources, environmental hazards, and seismic hazards. This Open-File Report version of the geodatabase is a follow-up product providing for USGS review, approval, and publication of the data provided to NPS. The JOTR database has been generated to improve our scientific understanding of the regional framework of Proterozoic and Mesozoic crystalline rocks, of Neogene sedimentary and volcanic strata, and of basin-floor and piedmont surficial deposits. The mapping has also contributed to our understanding of erosional and depositional surficial processes at work in the region and of the morphostratigraphic role that provenance plays. In combination, mapping in the basement rocks and surficial deposits has helped us to document evidence for plate-margin related late Cenozoic fault interactions and their relation to landscape evolution in and flanking the eastern Transverse Ranges province. The Open-File-Report benefitted greatly from scientific and technical reviews of the geodatabase and accompanying documents carried out by Evan Thoms (USGS , Alaska Science Center), Scott Graham (USGS, Cascade Volcanic Observatory), and Debra Block (USGS, Flagstaff Science Campus). Supplemental_Information: The JOTR database was created using ARCVIEW and ARC/INFO, and completed using ArcGIS which are geographical information system (GIS) software products of Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri). The database consists of an ArcGIS file geodatabase within which are multiple feature classes and several non-spatial data tables. Navigation through the data package is accomplished by the use of key fields. For this Open-File Report geodatabase, we have elected to not include relationship classes, although they are easy to create using the “BridgeTo” non-spatial data tables. Through joins or relates, the data in these tables can be easily accessed according to the users' needs and interests. Geologic contacts and units, structural point data, geologic structure manifested by the distribution of faults and fault sets, and dike types and distribution are all included in the data package. Map nomenclature and symbols Within the geologic database, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. The authors have attempted to adhere to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey and the North American Stratigraphic Code, but the database has not received a formal editorial review of geologic names. Geologic map unit labels are entered into the database through various items in several tables. Labels may not show subscript offsets and may not contain conventional stratigraphic age symbols. We have applied the 2010 International Commission on Stratigraphy (www.stratigraphy.org) terminology. Geologic age symbols are those codified by the Federal Geographic Data Commission (FGDC) in the FGDC-STD-013-2006--FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization and require the FGDCGeoAge font for proper rendering if and when an annotation feature class is made that uses age symbols. This Open-File Report geodatabase includes a style sheet (but not an .mxd file): In order to apply the style, the user needs to open an ArcMap session and add the geology feature classes provided in the geodatabase. For the two polygon feature classes (GeologicUnits and Colluvium), the style file allows the user to readily apply a somewhat generalized version of our unit color scheme by right-clicking on the feature class and opening the "Properties" window, then opening the "Symbology" menu tab and following the appropriate "Categories" pathway to "Match to symbols in a style", to select the "MapUnitLabel" Value Field, and to browse to the style file we provide. For line feature classes, the style file allows the user to display the FGDC standards for line weight and color for contacts, dikes, and faults by right-clicking on a feature class and navigating the “Properties” window to match symbols in the style by selecting the “StyleReference” Value Field. For the point feature class, the provided style allows the user to properly orient and view the structural data in the geodatabase by right-clicking on a feature class and navigating the “Properties” window to match symbols in the style by selecting the “SymbolAzimuth” Value Field Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1995 Ending_Date: 2015 Currentness_Reference: New data Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Further work is planned in order to complete a USGS Scientific Investigations Map (SIM)--2015 Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.47 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -115.25 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.14 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.66 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: geologic map database Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: surficial geology Theme_Keyword: bedrock geology Theme_Keyword: alluvial deposits Theme_Keyword: metamorphic rocks Theme_Keyword: plutonic rocks Theme_Keyword: hypabyssal rocks Theme_Keyword: volcanic rocks Theme_Keyword: Mesozoic composite batholith Theme_Keyword: mylonite Theme_Keyword: fault Theme_Keyword: left-lateral fault set Theme_Keyword: thrust fault Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Joshua Tree National Park Place_Keyword: southern California Place_Keyword: Eastern Transverse Ranges Place_Keyword: Mojave Desert Place_Keyword: Riverside County Place_Keyword: San Bernardino County Place_Keyword: Pinto Mountains Place_Keyword: Hexie Mountains Place_Keyword: Little San Bernardino Mountains Place_Keyword: Eagle Mountains Place_Keyword: Sheep Hole Mountains Place_Keyword: Chuckwalla Mountains Place_Keyword: Cottonwood Mountains Place_Keyword: Cottonwood Pass Place_Keyword: Coxcomb Mountains Place_Keyword: Queen Mountain Place_Keyword: Monument Mountain Place_Keyword: Cottonwood Basin Place_Keyword: Pinto Basin Place_Keyword: Eagle Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle Place_Keyword: Palm Springs 30' x 60' quadrangle Place_Keyword: Big Bear Lake 30' x 60' quadrangle Place_Keyword: Sheep Hole Mts 30' x 60' quadrangle Place_Keyword: Chuckwalla Valley Place_Keyword: Shavers Valley Place_Keyword: Coachella Valley Place_Keyword: Salton Trough Place_Keyword: Thermal Canyon Place_Keyword: Pinkham Canyon Place_Keyword: Fargo Canyon Place_Keyword: Little Fargo Canyon Place_Keyword: Berdoo Canyon Place_Keyword: Yellowspot Canyon Place_Keyword: East Wide Canyon Place_Keyword: East Deception Canyon Place_Keyword: Big Wash Place_Keyword: Covington Flat Place_Keyword: Juniper Flat Place_Keyword: Indian Cove Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: crystalline basement Stratum_Keyword: saprolite Stratum_Keyword: cover strata Stratum_Keyword: surficial deposits Stratum_Keyword: alluvial deposits Stratum_Keyword: eolian deposits Stratum_Keyword: lacustrine deposits Stratum_Keyword: playa deposits Stratum_Keyword: landslide deposits Stratum_Keyword: colluvial deposits Stratum_Keyword: igneous rocks Stratum_Keyword: sedimentary rocks Stratum_Keyword: metamorphic rocks Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Spatial Resolution. Use of these digital data and derivative geologic maps should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. The JOTR geologic map database was developed initially using digital orthophotograph quarter quadrangles (DOQQs) and subsequently National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) (http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&subject=prog&topic=nai) 2005 imagery as base data. DOQQs have a pixel resolution of 1 m and are accurate to a scale of 1:12,000 (1 in = 1,000 ft). Any enlargement beyond 1:12,000 exceeds the spatial resolution of the geologic data and should not be used in lieu of a more detailed site-specific geologic evaluation. Where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. Because this database is preliminary, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held responsible for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. This database is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Faults. The Joshua Tree National Park database is sufficiently detailed to identify and characterize many actual and potential geologic hazards represented by faults, but it is not sufficiently detailed for site-specific determinations or evaluations of these features. Faults shown do not take the place of fault-rupture hazard zones designated by the California State Geologist (see, for example, Hart, 1988; Hart and Bryant, 1997). Hart, E. W., 1988, Fault-rupture zones in California; Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act of 1972 with index to special studies zones maps (revised, 1988): California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. Hart, E. W., and Bryant, W.A., 1997, Fault-rupture zones in California; Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act of 1972 with index to special studies zones maps (revised, 1997): California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Robert E. Powell Contact_Organization: U.S.Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Room 355 520 N. Park Avenue City: Tucson State_or_Province: AZ Postal_Code: 85719-5035 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (520) 670-5505 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (520) 670-5571 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpowell@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Geologic mapping, topical studies, and digital preparation for this report were sponsored jointly by (1) the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, and (2) the National Park Service. This database was prepared at the Spokane Field Office of the USGS in Spokane, Washington, and at USGS Center in Tucson, Arizona. These facilities are maintained by the National Geologic Mapping Program and National Mineral Resource Surveys Program. Douglas M. Hirschberg (Tucson) helped manage the Palm Springs mapping and data compilation and recompiled the structural point data. Native_Data_Set_Environment: SunOS, 5.8, sun4u UNIX ARC/INFO version 7x ESRI ArcGIS 10.2.1 for Desktop Version 10.2.1.3497 ESRI ArcGIS 10.2.2 for Desktop Version 10.2.2.3552 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R. L. Armstrong and J. Suppe Publication_Date: 1973 Title: Armstrong, R. L., and Suppe, J ., 1973, Potassium-argon geochronometry of Mesozoic igneous rocks in Nevada, Utah, and southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1375-1391. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.N. Babcock Publication_Date: 1961 Title: Babcock, J.N., 1961, Geology of a portion of the Pinyon Wells quadrangle, Riverside County, California: Los Angeles, University of California, unpublished M.S. thesis, 81 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: John Bacheller III Publication_Date: 1978 Title: Bacheller, John, III, 1978, Quaternary geology of the Mojave Desert-eastern Transverse Ranges boundary in the vicinity of Twentynine Palms, California: Los Angeles, University of California, unpublished M.S. thesis, 157 p., scale 1:24,000. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Barth and others Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Barth, A.P., Tosdal, R.M., Wooden, J.L., and Howard, K.A., 1997, Triassic plutonism in southern California: Southward younging of arc initiation along a truncated continental margin: Tectonics, v. 16, p. 290–304. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C. C. Bishop Publication_Date: 1964 Title: Bishop, C.C., 1964, Needles sheet: California Division of Mines and Geology, Geologic map of California, Olaf P. Jenkins edition, scale 1:250,000. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.H. Brand Publication_Date: 1985 Title: Brand, J.H., 1985, Mesozoic alkalic quartz monzonite and peraluminous monzogranites of the northern portion of Joshua Tree National Monument, southern California: Los Angeles, University of southern California, unpublished M.S. thesis, 187 p., scale 1:24,000. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: W. B. Bull Publication_Date: 1991 Title: Bull, W.B., 1991, Geomorphic responses to climatic change: New York, Oxford University Press, 326 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J. P. Calzia Publication_Date: 1982 Title: Calzia, J.P., 1982, Geology of granodiorite in the Coxcomb Mountains, southeastern California, in Frost, E.G. and Martin, D.L, eds., Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Colorado River region, California, Arizona, and Nevada (Anderson-Hamilton volume): San Diego, Cordilleran Publishers, p. 173–181. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: James P. Calzia Publication_Date: 1983 Title: Calzia, J.P., Kilburn, J.E., Simpson, R.W., Jr., Allen, C.M., Leszcykowski, A.M., and Causey, J.D., 1983, Mineral resource potential map of the Coxcomb Mountains Wilderness Study Area (CDCA-328), San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map: 1603-A, scale 1:62,500 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Carter and others Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Carter, J. N., Luyendyk, B. P., and Terres, R. R., 1987, Neogene clockwise tectonic rotation of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California, suggested by paleomagnetic vectors: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, p. 199-206. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: T. W. Dibblee Publication_Date: 1967 Title: Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1967, Evidence of major lateral displacement on the Pinto Mountain fault, southeastern California: Geological Society of America Abstracts for 1967, Special Paper 115, p. 322. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: T. W. Dibblee Publication_Date: 1968 Title: Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1954, Displacements on the San Andreas fault system in the San Gabriel. San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains, southern California, in Dickinson, W. R., and Grantz, A., eds., Proceedings of Conference on Geologic Problems of San Andreas Fault System: Stanford, California, Stanford University Publications in the Geological Sciences, v. 11, p. 260-278. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Fleck and others Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Fleck, R.J., Wooden, J.L., Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., and Miller, F.K., 1997, Geochronologic investigations in the Little San Bernardino Mountains, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 5, p. 12-13. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Roger A. Hope Publication_Date: 1966 Title: Hope, R.A., 1966, Geology and structural setting of the eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California [Ph.D. thesis]: Los Angeles, University of California, 158 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R. Forest Hopson Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Hopson, R.F., 1996, Basement rock geology and tectonics of the Pinto Mountain Fault, San Bernardino County, southern California: Los Angeles, California State University, unpublished M.S. thesis, 132 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Keith A. Howard Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Geologic Map of the Sheep Hole Mountains 30' x 60' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2344/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K. A. Howard and C. M. Allen Publication_Date: 1988 Title: Howard, K.A., and Allen, C.M., 1988, Geologic map of the southern part of the Dale Lake 15-minute quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report, 17 p., map scale 1:62,500. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K. J. Jagiello Publication_Date: 1991 Title: Jagiello, K.J., 1991, Determination of horizontal separation on late Cenozoic strike-slip faults in the central Mojave Desert, southern California: Los Angeles, University of California at Los Angeles, Ph.D. dissertation, 293 p., map scale 1:62,500. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. W. James Publication_Date: 1989 Title: James, E.W., 1989, Southern extension of the Independence dike swarm of eastern California: Geology, v. 17, p. 587–590. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: V.E. Langenheim, and R.E. Powell Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Langenheim, V.E., and Powell, R.E., 2009, Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system: Geosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-22. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Matti and others Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Matti, J.C., Wooden, J.L., and Powell, R.E., 1994, Late Cretaceous plutonic and metamorphic complex in the Little San Bernardino Mountains, southern California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 2, p. 70-71. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: W. J. Miller Publication_Date: 1938 Title: Miller, W. J., 1938, Pre-Cambrian and associated rocks near Twenty-nine Palms, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 49, p. 417-446. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: W. J. Miller Publication_Date: 1944 Title: Miller, W. J., 1944, Geology of Palm Springs-Blythe strip, Riverside County, California: California Journal of Mines, v. 40, p. 11-72. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: W. J. Miller Publication_Date: 1946 Title: Miller, W.J., 1946, Crystalline rocks of southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 57, p. 457-542. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Needy and others Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Needy, S.K., Anderson, J.L, Wooden, J.L., Fleck, R.J., Barth, A.P., Paterson, S.R., Memeti, V., and Pignotta, G.S., 2009, Mesozoic magmatism in an upper- to middle-crustal section through the Cordilleran continental margin arc, eastern Transverse Ranges, California in Miller, R.B., and Snoke, A.W., eds., Crustal cross sections from the western North American Cordillera and elsewhere: Implications for tectonic and petrologic processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 456, p. 187--218, doi: 10.1130/2009.2456(07). Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 1981 Title: Powell, R.E., 1981, Geology of the crystalline basement complex, eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Constraints on regional tectonic interpretation [Ph.D. thesis]: Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, 441 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 1982 Title: Powell, R.E., 1982, Crystalline basement terranes in the southern Eastern Transverse Ranges, California, in Cooper, J.D., compiler, Geologic excursions in the Transverse Ranges: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, Annual Meeting, 78th, Anaheim, California, 1982, Volume and Field Guide, p. 109-151. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Powell, R. E., 1993, Balanced palinspastic reconstruction of pre-late Cenozoic paleogeology, southern California: Geologic and kinematic constraints on evolution of the San Andreas fault system, in Powell, R. E., Weldon, R. J., II, and Matti, J. C., eds., The San Andreas Fault System: Displacement, Palinspastic Reconstruction, and Geologic Evolution: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 178. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Powell, R. E., 2001, Geologic map and digital database of the Porcupine Wash 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of01-030/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Powell, R. E., 2001, Geologic map and digital database of the Conejo Well 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-031/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Powell, R. E., 2002, Geologic map and digital database of the Pinto Mountain 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-491/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Powell Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Powell, R. E., 2002, Geologic map and digital database of the San Bernardino Wash 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-498/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R.J. Proctor Publication_Date: 1968 Title: Proctor, R.J., 1968, Geology of the Desert Hot Springs-Upper Coachella Valley, Salton Sea, and vicinity: California Division of Mines and Geology, Special Report 94, 50 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.J.W. Rogers Publication_Date: 1961 Title: Rogers, J.J.W., 1961, Geology of a portion of Joshua Tree National Monument, Riverside County, in Geology of southern California: California Division of Mines Bulletin 170, map sheet 24. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.J.W. Rogers Publication_Date: 1961 Title: Rogers, J.J.W., 1961, Igneous and metamorphic rocks of the western portion of Joshua Tree National Monument, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California: California Division of Mines Special Report 68, 26 p. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Michael J. Rymer Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Rymer, M.J. unpublished field mapping drafted onto USGS-VCWE 1972 aerial photos. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Springer and others Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Springer, K, Scott, E, and Sagebiel, J.C., 2004, Pleistocene vertebrate fossils from Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Park, Mojave Desert, southern California: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, no. 5, p. 230. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D. D. Trent Publication_Date: 1984 Title: Trent, D.D., 1984, Geology of the Joshua Tree National Monument, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties: California Geology, v. 37, n. 4, p. 75–86. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wooden and others Publication_Date: 1991 Title: Wooden, J.L., Powell, R.E., Howard, K.A., and Tosdal, R.M., 1991, Eagle Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle, southern California: II Isotopic and chronologic studies: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 5, p. A478. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wooden and others Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Wooden, J.L., Tosdal, R.M., Howard, K.A., Powell, R.E., Matti, J.C., and Barth, A.P., 1994, Mesozoic intrusive history of parts of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California: preliminary U-Pb zircon results: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 2, p. 104-105. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wooden and others Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Wooden, J.L., Fleck, R.J., Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., and Barth, A.P., 2001, Late Cretaceous intrusive migmatites of the Little San Bernardino Mountains, southern California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 3, p. A-65 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wright and others Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Wright, J.E., Howard, K.A, and Anderson, J.L., 1987, Isotopic systematics of zircons from Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks, southeastern California [abs.]: Implications for a vertically stratified crustal column: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, p. 898. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) geologic map database incorporates earlier mapping (Powell, 1981, 2001, 2002; Hope, 1966; Calzia, 1983; Howard, 2002). Using the NAIP ortho-imagery and Google Earth and more recent field mapping, basement contacts typically were relocated and geologic units locally modified. Surficial mapping is for the most part completely new. Because greater than 50% of the JOTR extent is designated wilderness, aerial photo interpretation is an essential component of the mapping and there is a need to continue to access and evaluate remote areas on the ground. The map represents the current state of knowledge for JOTR and provides a basis for gathering additional field data to resolve questions raised as the data were gathered. Attributes assigned to polygons, lines, and points in the JOTR database are reasonably accurate as determined by the normal range of checks and balances applied in making a geologic map and database by a combination of hands-on and remote field observation, sampling, and interpretation of aerial photographs. Optimally, additional field investigation is required to continue to verify the accuracy of map unit attributes and to further establish and clarify relations among units. Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon and chain-node topology present. The areal extent of the park is represented digitally by an appropriately projected (NAD83, UTM zone 11), NPS-provided boundary. A neatline outside of the JOTR boundary has been calculated by applying a 1 km buffer to the original, NPS-provided park boundary. Geologic mapping has been extended beyond the park boundary to this neatline, which serves as the boundary of mapped geology. Polygons internal to the neatline are completely enclosed by line segments which are themselves a set of sequentially numbered coordinate pairs. Point data are represented by coordinate pairs. Completeness_Report: The digital database of the JOTR contain some data that are preliminary. The database is, however, a substantially complete representation of the current state of knowledge concerning the geology of the area. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The United States National Map Accuracy Standards (issued by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget June 10, 1941 and revised April 26, 1943 and June 17, 1947), define horizontal accuracy as follows: For maps on publication scales larger than 1:20,000, not more that 10 percent of the points tested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale; for maps on publication scales of 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50 inch. The same standards apply to digital orthophotographic quadrangles (DOQQs). DOQQs and National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) orthophotographs flown through 2005 have a scale of 1:12,000, hence their accuracy standard is 1/30-inch, or +/- 33.3 ft. NAIP orthophotographs flown since 2005 have a horizontal accuracy standard of 6 m, or about +/- 19.7 ft. Geologic features for this database were remapped to or originally mapped on 2005 NAIP imagery. Planar geologic features (contacts, dikes, faults) mapped as lines (traces) on the Earth's surface in the JOTR geologic map database are located relative to features visible in the topographic or orthophotographic imagery base layer on which the mapping was done. These mapped traces are represented as solid, dashed, or dotted lines depending on their visibility on the ground and on their spatial resolvability on the base layer. Traces shown as solid lines represent planar features that are exposed at intervals along the mapped trace and are well-constrained by outcrops of juxtaposed units where they are not actually exposed. These features are deemed to be well-located, ideally to within an on-ground dimension covered by 0.01 inch at the base-layer scale—e.g., 83.3 ft for 30 x 60-min topographic quadrangles, 52.8 ft for 15-min quadrangles, 20 ft for 7.5-min quadrangles, and 10 ft for DOQQ and NAIP orthophotographic imagery. Linear traces represented by dashed lines may or may not be located within the on-ground interval covered by 0.01 inch on the appropriate base. In reality, feature locatability can vary along strike, fluctuating from well-located to approximately located. For the JOTR geodatabase, such features typically are mapped as well-located. Linear traces represented by dotted lines are concealed beneath overlying mapped units. Because structural point features in the JOTR database have been assembled from various sources originally mapped at varying scales, no single statement is made regarding locatability and horizontal accuracy of these data. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Geologic mapping for Ph.D. dissertation (Powell, 1981), supported in part by U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program, and in part by the National Science Foundation grants (EAR 76-23153 and EAR 74-00155) awarded to Leon T. Silver at the California Institute of Technology. Bedrock units and faults mapped in field on 1:36,000 true-color aerial photographs (USGS, 1973), compiled onto a 1:62,500 topographic base map of the Hexie Mountains 15' quadrangle (1963, paper copy), then reduced onto a 125,000 topographic base (base-stable mylar greenline). Bedrock units in the Hexie Mountains quadrangle were mapped, described, and interpreted by conducting field traverses and interpolating between the traverses by interpretation of aerial photographs. This mapping was part of a regional study of the geology and structure of the eastern Transverse Ranges province south of the Pinto Mountain fault. Powell, R.E., 1981, Geology of the crystalline basement complex, eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Constraints on regional tectonic interpretation [Ph.D. thesis]: Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, 441 p. USGS, 1973, True color aerial photographs labeled GS-SE. Photographs taken along northwest-southeast oriented flight lines covering the eastern Transverse Ranges south of the Pinto Mountain fault. Lines flown at moderate to low sun-angle in October 1973; scale 1:36,000. 1973 - 1981 Process_Date: 1981 Process_Step: Process_Description: Additional observations were made in bedrock units of the Hexie Mountains quadrangle during the course of ongoing geologic studies in the eastern Transverse Ranges province (Powell, 1993). Powell, R.E., 1993, Balanced palinspastic reconstruction of pre-late Cenozoic paleogeology, southern California: Geologic and kinematic constraints on evolution of the San Andreas fault system, in Powell, R.E., Weldon, R.J., II, and Matti, J.C., eds., The San Andreas fault system: Displacement, palinspastic reconstruction, and geologic evolution: Geological Society of America Memoir 178, p. 1-106. GS-SE, 1973, True color aerial photographs, scale 1:36,000; 1998, True color aerial photographs - labeled J.T.N.P., scale 1:24,000 1982 - 1985 Process_Date: 1995 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geologic map database for the JOTR unit was augmented by new observations in both the bedrock and surficial mapping of previous process-steps with limited new mapping both of bedrock units and surficial deposits. The new mapping is based chiefly on interpretation of 1:24,000 color photographs (USGS, 1998), 1:40,000 NAPP infrared color photographs (USGS, 1996), and 1:80,000 NHAP infrared color photographs (USGS, 1983-1984) with minimal new fieldwork at this stage. Using ARCVIEW, its Image Analysis extension and ArcINFO, geologic contacts, faults, and dikes were mapped on georeferenced USGS digital orthophotograph quarter quadrangles (DOQQs) and assembled into ArcINFO GIS schemas which have subsequently been migrated into ArcGIS geodatabase format. Subsequently, additional data have been incorporated into the ArcGIS geodatabase schema. USGS, 1998, True color aerial photographs labeled J.T.N.P. Photographs taken along east-west oriented flight lines covering part of Joshua Tree National Park in Pinto Basin and parts of the Coxcomb, Pinto, Eagle, Cottonwood, Hexie, and Little San Bernardino Mountains. Lines flown at high sun-angle in May 1998; scale 1:24,000. 1997 - 2002 Process_Date: 2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: Structural measurements were compiled from multiple contributors, including Powell, Matti, Hope, Babcock, Bacheller, Calzia, Hopson, Howard, Proctor, Rogers, and Rymer 2002 - 2010 Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: 2005 NAIP imagery was acquired. Data adjustments made to Sheep Hole Mts (Geologic Map of the Sheep Hole Mountains 30' x 60' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, Keith A. Howard. http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2344/), Eagle Mtns 30' x 60' ongoing, unpublished work. Process_Date: 2009 Process_Step: Process_Description: Big Bear Lake - JOTR sector geological features preliminarily captured by Pamela M. Cossette using NAIP imagery and ArcGIS 9.2: edited by R.E. Powell, 2010 Process_Date: 2009 Process_Step: Process_Description: Palm Springs - JOTR sector geological features preliminarily captured by Jonathan C. Matti using NAIP--1 meter True Color 2005 NAIP County Mosaic/San Bernardino and Riverside counties imagery and ArcGIS 9.3.1. In order to achieve good positioning of lines when viewed on the NAIP imagery at a scale of 1:12,000, geologic contacts and faults typically were captured at a resolution of 1:3,000 or better. 2009 - 201211, 2013 Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: The NE portion of the Palm Springs 100k quadrangle that lies within the JOTR park boundary initially was mapped in such detail that much of it had to be viewed at a scale of 1:6,000 to distinguish individual map-unit polygons. Such fine detail prevented these data from being seamlessly incorporated into the remaining JOTR extent. That very detailed mapping was subsequently edited by R.E. Powell, 2013, in order to render the Palm Springs sector at a scale degree of detail that better matched that of the eastern three-quarters of the Park. 201211 - 201305 Process_Date: 201305 Process_Step: Process_Description: The structure point dataset consists of original data collected for this study by the authors and data compiled from published and unpublished mapping. Source maps and aerial photos were scanned. The resulting raster files were geo-referenced to the source's stated projection or to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 11 NAD1927 if the projection could not otherwise be determined. Points were digitized from the raster files, attributed and adjusted per the data on the source. Points with incomplete data that could not be resolved were not included. 2000 - 2013 Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: Linear representations of dikes were originally mapped on 1:62,500 - scale map bases and georeferenced USGS digital orthophotograph quadrangles. The dikes' locations were subsequently adjusted to better fit the 2005 NAIP imagery. However, the dikes retain the overall, original geometry that was initially digitized from the orthophotographs. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: First draft of metadata created by Cossette using ArcGIS 9.3.1/TKME editor. Metadata updated in anticipation of Open-File Report technical review. Process_Date: 2015 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 11 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000100 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000100 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Entities in this Esri file geodatabase consist of line, polygon, and point feature classes and non-spatial object data tables. In order to facilitate data attribution, transfer and consolidation, where possible, all feature classes with the same geometry share the same attributes. Line data describe contacts, dikes, and faults. Polygon data describe geologic units. Point data describe structural observations. Spatial features are provided in two JOTR feature datasets: Boundaries and Geology. Seven non-spatial data tables also are included. In the Boundary feature dataset, cartographic boundaries consist of: Neatline - line that demarcates the limit geologic mapping; created as a buffer 1 kilometer beyond Park boundary ParkBoundary - Joshua Tree National Park boundary Quadrangles_24k - Outlines of USGS 7.5-minute, 1:24,000-scale topographic quadrangle maps Quadrangles_100k - Outlines of USGS 30 x 60-minute, 1:100,000-scale topographic quadrangle maps In the Geology feature dataset, geologic data are represented in seven feature classes: Colluvium - colluvium units Contacts - geologic contacts including fault-contacts ContactsColluvium - colluvium unit contacts Dikes - geologic map-units mapped as linear features Faults - all faults GeologicUnits - geologic map units StructurePoints - structural point data Notes: The Contacts and Faults feature classes share lines only where faults form boundaries between geologic units. The Contacts and ContactsColluvium feature classes share lines only where the boundary between colluvial deposits and alluvial deposits is superposed on the boundary between bedrock and alluvial deposits. Because in the southern California desert, contacts are commonly exposed or locatable within the limits of the width of the lines plotted to represent the contacts, we attribute these lines as "observable" and represent them as solid lines. Where colluvial deposits mapped in the Colluvium feature class overlie line segments in the Contacts, Faults, and Dikes feature classes, those segments are attributed as concealed although the Colluvium polygons must be displayed to see the concealing unit. Non-spatial data tables consist of: TblUnitDescriptionSummary TblParentUnitsSurficialProvenance TblParentUnitsArchLevelAssemblages TblParentUnitsMzBatholithicBelts TblParentUnitsBasementFramework TblBridgeToParentUnitsSurficialProvenance TblBridgeToParentUnitsBasementFramework Note: The "BridgeTo" tables are readily converted to relationship classes. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: This study. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Colluvium Entity_Type_Definition: Areas underlain by colluvial deposits Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Contacts Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic contacts, including fault-contacts, that bound rock-units. Attributes that are not machine-assigned are listed below. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ContactsColluvium Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic colluvial contacts. In general, these data were isolated from the Contacts feature class to (1) simplify data entry, (2) minimize data congestion, optimizing data representation, and (3) allow the user greater flexibility in preparing derivative data. Bodies of colluvium that straddle the neatline appear to have a contact that is coincident with that neatline. That coincidence is simply an artifact of where the neatline occurs relative to the colluvial body and the process of building polygons from the mapped colluvial contacts. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Dikes Entity_Type_Definition: Dikes are generally represented as linear elements and are described with the usual map unit attributes. Where the surface expression of a dike is greater than can be represented simply by a geologic line, then that dike is included in the MapUnits feature class. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Faults Entity_Type_Definition: Linear traces on the Earth's surface of planar geologic features along which displacement has occurred; along some segments, faults juxtapose different units; along other reaches, they juxtapose blocks of the same unit where they cut across that unit Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: GeologicUnits Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic units stored in the geodatabase. This geologic unit dataset contains bedrock, cover and surficial units some of which represent new data based on new mapping. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: StructurePoints Entity_Type_Definition: Planar and linear structural point data Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblUnitDescriptionSummary Entity_Type_Definition: Description summary of geologic units Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblParentUnitsArchLevelAssemblages Entity_Type_Definition: Architectural level assemblage parent units of geologic units Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblParentUnitsSurficialProvenance Entity_Type_Definition: Surficial provenance parent units of geologic units Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblParentUnitsMzBatholithicBelts Entity_Type_Definition: Mesozoic batholithic belt parent units of geologic units Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblParentUnitsBasementFramework Entity_Type_Definition: Basement framework parent units of geologic units Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblBridgeToParentUnitsSurficialProvenance Entity_Type_Definition: Bridge from geologic units feature class to TblParentUnitsSurficialProvenance Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TblBridgeToParentUnitsBasementFramework Entity_Type_Definition: Bridge from geologic units feature class to TblParentUnitsBasementFramework and TblParentUnitsMzBatholithicBelts Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This study Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-202-4700 Distribution_Liability: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is." The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty. In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising out of delivery, installation, operation, or support by USGS. Because the National Park Service is a cooperating agency in producing this digital, geologic map database of Joshua Tree National Park, the geodatabase has been provided to that agency as an inter-agency data transfer in the form of Administrative Report for their use prior to it receiving USGS Director's approval. NPS has agreed to restrict their use of these data to within NPS and to not serve the data publicly until they are published by the USGS. This digital, geologic map database of the Joshua Tree National Park, and any derivative maps thereof, is not meant to be used or displayed at any map scale larger than about 1:12,000, roughly the accuracy of the NAIP imagery. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20121220 Metadata_Review_Date: 2012 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Pamela M. Cossette Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey West 904 Riverside Avenue City: Spokane State_or_Province: Washington Postal_Code: 99201-1087 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 509-368-3121 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 509-368-3199 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcossette@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Version 2 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none