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Figure 113. Photos show prominent Holocene spurs and grooves at Sand Key Reef (see aerial photo, Fig. 106B) and Sombrero Key Reef (see Fig. 75, Tile 4). The primary builder was Acropora palmata. The corals that formed the spurs are no longer alive today, but their skeletons provide substrate for colorful hardbottom communities. Neither spur-and-groove systems nor significant stands of A. palmata have been found in the Pleistocene record of Florida.

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Coastal & Marine Geology Program > Center for Coastal & Watershed Studies > Professional Paper 1751