U.S. Geological Survey

Climate-Vegetation Atlas of North America

Table 1. List of conifer taxa, their common names, and original data source.
CONIFER SPECIES
Scientific nameCommon nameOriginal sourceMap or page number
in original reference
Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes Pacific silver firLittle (1971)1-W, 1-N
Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. balsam firLittle (1971)2-N, 2-E
Abies bracteata D. Don bristlecone firLittle (1971)3-W
Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. white firLittle (1971)5-W
Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser firLittle (1971)4-E
Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. grand firLittle (1971)6-W
Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. subalpine firLittle (1971)7-W, 7-N
Abies magnifica A. Murr. California red firLittle (1971)8-W
Abies procera Rehd. noble firLittle (1971)9-W
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. Port-Orford-cedarLittle (1971)10-W
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don.) Spach Alaska-cedarLittle (1971)12-W, 12-N
Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. Atlantic white-cedarLittle (1971)11-E
Cupressus arizonica Greene Arizona cypressLittle (1971)13-W
Cupressus bakeri Jeps. Modoc cypressLittle (1971)14-W
Cupressus goveniana Gord. Gowen cypressLittle (1971)15-W
Cupressus guadalupensis S. Wats. Tecate cypressLittle (1971)16-W
Cupressus macnabiana A. Murr. MacNab cypressLittle (1971)17-W
Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. Monterey cypressLittle (1971)18-W
Cupressus sargentii Jeps. Sargent cypressLittle (1971)19-W
Juniperus ashei Buchholz Ashe juniperLittle (1971)21-W, 21-E
Juniperus californica Carr. California juniperLittle (1971)20-W
Juniperus communis L. common juniperLittle (1971)22-W, 22-E, 22-N
Juniperus deppeana Steud. alligator juniperLittle (1971)23-W, 23-N
Juniperus flaccida Schlecht. drooping juniperLittle (1971)24-W, 24-N
Juniperus horizontalis Moench creeping juniperLittle (1971)22.1-N, 22.1-W, 22.1-E
Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. one-seed juniperLittle (1971)25-W, 25-N
Juniperus occidentalis Hook. western juniperLittle (1971)26-W
Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little Utah juniperLittle (1971)27-W
Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Pinchot juniperLittle (1971)28-W
Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain juniperLittle (1971)30-W, 30-N
Juniperus silicicola (Small) Bailey southern redcedarLittle (1971)29-E
Juniperus virginiana L. eastern redcedarLittle (1971)31-W, 31-E
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch tamarackLittle (1971)32-N, 32-E
Larix lyallii Parl. subalpine larchLittle (1971)33-W
Larix occidentalis Nutt. western larchLittle (1971)34-W
Libocedrus decurrens Torr. incense-cedarLittle (1971)35-W
Picea breweriana S. Wats. Brewer spruceLittle (1971)36-W
Picea engelmannii Parry Engelmann spruceLittle (1971)37-W, 37-N
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss white spruceLittle (1971)39-W, 39-E, 39-N
Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. black spruceLittle (1971)38-N, 38-E
Picea pungens Engelm. blue spruceLittle (1971)40-W
Picea rubens Sarg. red spruceLittle (1971)41-N, 41-E
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka spruceLittle (1971)42-W, 42-N
Pinus albicaulis Engelm. whitebark pineLittle (1971)43-W, 43-N
Pinus aristata Engelm. bristlecone pineBailey (1970); Little (1971)p. 215, 44-W
Pinus attenuata Lemm. knobcone pineLittle (1971)48-W
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. Mexican white pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 9
Pinus balfouriana Grev. & Balf. foxtail pineLittle (1971)45-W
Pinus banksiana Lamb. jack pineLittle (1971)46-N, 46-E
Pinus caribaea Morelet Caribbean pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 46
Pinus cembroides Zucc. Mexican pinyonLittle (1971)47-W, 47-N
Pinus clausa (Chapm.) Vasey sand pineLittle (1971)49-E
Pinus contorta Dougl. lodgepole pineLittle (1971)50-W, 50-N
Pinus cooperi C. E. Blanco Cooper pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 51
Pinus coulteri D. Don Coulter pineLittle (1971)51-W
Pinus douglasiana Martínez Douglas pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 52
Pinus durangensis Martínez Durango pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 50
Pinus echinata Mill. shortleaf pineLittle (1971)52-E
Pinus edulis Engelm. pinyonLittle (1971)53-W
Pinus elliottii Engelm. slash pineLittle (1971)54-E
Pinus engelmannii Carr. Apache pineLittle (1971)55-W, 55-N
Pinus flexilis James limber pineLittle (1971)56-W, 56-N
Pinus glabra Walt. spruce pineLittle (1971)58-E
Pinus greggii Engelm. Gregg pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 60
Pinus hartwegii Lindl. Hartweg pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 51
Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey pineLittle (1971)57-W
Pinus lambertiana Dougl. sugar pineLittle (1971)59-W
Pinus lawsonii Roezl. Lawson pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 53
Pinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe Chihuahua pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 22
Pinus longaeva Bailey Intermountain bristlecone pineBailey (1970); Little (1971)p. 215, 44-W
Pinus lumholtzii Robins. & Fern. Lumholtz pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 23
Pinus michoacana Martínez Michoacan pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 50
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. singleleaf pinyonLittle (1971)60-W
Pinus montezumae Lamb. Montezuma pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 49
Pinus monticola Dougl. western white pineLittle (1971)62-W
Pinus muricata D. Don bishop pineLittle (1971)63-W
Pinus nelsonii Shaw Nelson pinyonCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 18
Pinus oocarpa Schiede Critchfield & Little (1966)Map 61
Pinus palustris Mill. longleaf pineLittle (1971)65-E
Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe Mexican weeping pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 60
Pinus pinceana Gord. Pince pinyonCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 18
Pinus ponderosa Laws. ponderosa pineLittle (1971)64-W, 64-N
Pinus pringlei Shaw Pringle pineCritchfield & Little (1966)Map 61
Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. Critchfield & Little (1966)Map 52
Pinus pungens Lamb. Table-Mountain pineLittle (1971)66-E
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. Parry pinyonLittle (1971)67-W
Pinus radiata D. Don Monterey pineLittle (1971)68-W
Pinus resinosa Ait. red pineLittle (1971)69-N, 69-E
Pinus rigida Mill. pitch pineLittle (1971)71-E
Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Digger pineLittle (1971)70-W
Pinus serotina Michx. pond pineLittle (1971)74-E
Pinus strobiformis Engelm. southwestern white pineLittle (1971)72-W, 72-N
Pinus strobus L. eastern white pineLittle (1971)73-N, 73-E
Pinus taeda L. loblolly pineLittle (1971)75-E
Pinus teocote Schiede & Deppe Critchfield & Little (1966)Map 53
Pinus torreyana Parry Torrey pineLittle (1971)76-W
Pinus virginiana Mill. Virginia pineLittle (1971)77-E
Pinus washoensis Mason & Stockwell Washoe pineLittle (1971)78-W
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr bigcone Douglas-firLittle (1971)79-W
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-firLittle (1971)80-W, 80-N
Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. redwoodLittle (1971)81-W
Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz giant sequoiaLittle (1971)82-W
Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. baldcypressLittle (1971)84-E
Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Montezuma baldcypressLittle (1971)83-W, 83-N
Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Pacific yewLittle (1971)86-W, 86-N
Taxus canadensis Marsh. Canada yewLittle (1971)86.1-N, 86.1-E
Taxus floridana Nutt. Florida yewLittle (1971)85-E
Thuja occidentalis L. northern white-cedarLittle (1971)89-N, 89-E
Thuja plicata Donn western redcedarLittle (1971)90-W, 90-N
Torreya californica Torr. California torreyaLittle (1971)87-W
Torreya taxifolia Arn. Florida torreyaLittle (1971)88-E
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. eastern hemlockLittle (1971)91-N, 91-E
Tsuga caroliniana Engelm. Carolina hemlockLittle (1971)94-E
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. western hemlockLittle (1971)92-W, 92-N
Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. mountain hemlockLittle (1971)93-W, 93-N

CONIFER GENERA & GROUPS (see table 2)
Scientific nameCommon name
ABIESfir
ABIES EASTfir in eastern North America
ABIES WESTfir in western North America
CUPRESSACEAE EASTcedar family in eastern North America
JUNIPERUSjuniper
JUNIPERUS BOREALboreal juniper
JUNIPERUS EASTjuniper in eastern North America
JUNIPERUS WESTjuniper in western North America
JUNIPERUS WEST WOODLANDwoodland juniper in western North America
LARIXlarch
LARIX/PSEUDOTSUGAlarch and Douglas-fir
PICEAspruce
PICEA NORTH/EASTspruce in northern and eastern North America
PICEA WESTspruce in western North America
PICEA WEST INTERIORspruce in interior western North America
PINUSpine
PINUS EASTpine in eastern North America
PINUS NORTHEASTpine in northeastern North America
PINUS NORTHEAST YELLOWyellow pine in northeastern North America
PINUS SOUTHEASTpine in southeastern North America
PINUS WESTpine in western North America
PINUS WEST WHITEwhite pine in western North America
PINUS WEST PINYONSpinyon pine in western North America
PINUS WEST YELLOWyellow pine in western North America
PSEUDOTSUGADouglas-fir
TAXODIUMbaldcypress
TCT (TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE/TAXACEAE)yew, cedar, and baldcypress families
TCT (TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE/TAXACEAE) EASTTCT in eastern North America
TCT (TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE/TAXACEAE) WESTTCT in western North America
TSUGAhemlock
TSUGA EASThemlock in eastern North America
TSUGA WESThemlock in western North America

Table 2. Conifer species comprising groups listed in table 1.
ABIES:Abies amabilis, Abies balsamea, Abies concolor, Abies fraseri, Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, Abies magnifica, Abies procera
ABIES EAST:Abies balsamea, Abies fraseri
ABIES WEST:Abies amabilis, Abies concolor, Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, Abies magnifica, Abies procera
CUPRESSACEAE EAST:Chamaecyparis thyoides, Juniperus ashei, Juniperus silicicola, Juniperus virginiana, Thuja occidentalis
JUNIPERUS:Juniperus ashei, Juniperus californica, Juniperus communis, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus flaccida, Juniperus horizontalis, Juniperus monosperma, Juniperus occidentalis, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus silicicola, Juniperus virginiana
JUNIPERUS BOREAL:Juniperus communis, Juniperus horizontalis
JUNIPERUS EAST:Juniperus ashei, Juniperus silicicola, Juniperus virginiana
JUNIPERUS WEST:Juniperus californica, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus flaccida, Juniperus monosperma, Juniperus occidentalis, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus scopulorum
JUNIPERUS WEST WOODLAND:Juniperus californica, Juniperus monosperma, Juniperus occidentalis, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus pinchotii
LARIX:Larix laricina, Larix lyallii, Larix occidentalis
LARIX/PSEUDOTSUGA:Larix laricina, Larix lyallii, Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, Pseudotsuga menziesii
PICEA:Picea breweriana, Picea engelmannii, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea pungens, Picea rubens, Picea sitchensis
PICEA NORTH/EAST:Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea rubens
PICEA WEST:Picea breweriana, Picea engelmannii, Picea pungens, Picea sitchensis
PICEA WEST INTERIOR:Picea engelmannii, Picea pungens
PINUS:Pinus albicaulis, Pinus aristata, Pinus attenuata, Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus balfouriana, Pinus banksiana, Pinus caribaea, Pinus cembroides, Pinus clausa, Pinus contorta, Pinus cooperi, Pinus coulteri, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus durangensis, Pinus echinata, Pinus edulis, Pinus elliottii, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus flexilis, Pinus glabra, Pinus greggii, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus lawsonii, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus lumholtzii, Pinus michoacana, Pinus monophylla, Pinus montezumae, Pinus monticola, Pinus muricata, Pinus nelsonii, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus palustris, Pinus patula, Pinus pinceana, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus pringlei, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus pungens, Pinus quadrifolia, Pinus radiata, Pinus resinosa, Pinus rigida, Pinus sabiniana, Pinus serotina, Pinus strobiformis, Pinus strobus, Pinus taeda, Pinus teocote, Pinus torreyana, Pinus virginiana, Pinus washoensis
PINUS EAST:Pinus banksiana, Pinus clausa, Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus glabra, Pinus palustris, Pinus pungens, Pinus resinosa, Pinus rigida, Pinus serotina, Pinus strobus, Pinus taeda, Pinus virginiana
PINUS NORTHEAST:Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, Pinus rigida, Pinus strobus
PINUS NORTHEAST YELLOW:Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, Pinus rigida
PINUS SOUTHEAST:Pinus clausa, Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus glabra, Pinus palustris, Pinus pungens, Pinus serotina, Pinus taeda, Pinus virginiana
PINUS WEST:Pinus albicaulis, Pinus aristata, Pinus attenuata, Pinus balfouriana, Pinus cembroides, Pinus contorta, Pinus coulteri, Pinus edulis, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus flexilis, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus longaeva, Pinus monophylla, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus quadrifolia, Pinus sabiniana, Pinus strobiformis
PINUS WEST WHITE excluding pinyon pines:Pinus albicaulis, Pinus aristata, Pinus balfouriana, Pinus flexilis, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus longaeva, Pinus monticola, Pinus strobiformis
PINUS WEST PINYONS:Pinus cembroides, Pinus edulis, Pinus monophylla, Pinus quadrifolia
PINUS WEST YELLOW:Pinus attenuata, Pinus contorta, Pinus coulteri, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus sabiniana
PSEUDOTSUGA:Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, Pseudotsuga menziesii
TAXODIUM:Taxodium distichum, Taxodium mucronatum
TCT (Taxodiaceae/Cupressaceae/Taxaceae):Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Chamaecyparis thyoides, Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus bakeri, Cupressus goveniana, Cupressus guadalupensis, Cupressus macnabiana, Cupressus macrocarpa, Cupressus sargentii, Juniperus ashei, Juniperus californica, Juniperus communis, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus flaccida, Juniperus horizontalis, Juniperus monosperma, Juniperus occidentalis, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus silicicola, Juniperus virginiana, Libocedrus decurrens, Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Taxodium distichum, Taxodium mucronatum, Taxus brevifolia, Taxus canadensis, Taxus floridana, Torreya californica, Torreya taxifolia, Thuja occidentalis, Thuja plicata
TCT EAST:Chamaecyparis thyoides, Juniperus ashei, Juniperus silicicola, Juniperus virginiana, Taxodium distichum, Taxus canadensis, Taxus floridana, Torreya taxifolia, Thuja occidentalis
TCT WEST:Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus bakeri, Cupressus goveniana, Cupressus guadalupensis, Cupressus macnabiana, Cupressus macrocarpa, Cupressus sargentii, Juniperus californica, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus flaccida, Juniperus monosperma, Juniperus occidentalis, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus scopulorum, Libocedrus decurrens, Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Taxus brevifolia, Torreya californica, Thuja plicata
TSUGA:Tsuga canadensis, Tsuga caroliniana, Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana
TSUGA EAST:Tsuga canadensis, Tsuga caroliniana
TSUGA WEST:Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana
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