FIGURES-TABLES

FIGURES

  1. A, Schematic diagram of a pumping well and observation piezometer in an idealized, anisotropic uncon.ned aquifer with a hypothetical moisture distribution indicated for the unsaturated zone. B, A typical double-logarithmic plot of drawdown in an observation piezometer versus time that de.nes the approximate ranges of early-, intermediate-, and late-time.

  2. Schematic diagram of a .nite-diameter pumped well, observation well, and observation piezometer in a homogeneous, anisotropic water-table aquifer of in.nite lateral extent.

  3. Regional location and local plan view showing the positions of the pumped well (F507-080) and observation wells and piezometers in the study area. The reference piezometer (F343-036) is not used to measure drawdown.

  4. Vertical cross section of the aquifer at the study site showing the lengths and positions of the piezometers and observation wells.

  5. Measured and simulated drawdowns for the pumped well (F507-080), for the model parameters shown in table 5.

  6. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-080 and F504-080.

  7. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, wells F505-059 and F504-060.

  8. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-032 and F504-032.

  9. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F377-037 and F347-031.

10. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F383-061 and F383-032, and (B) piezometers F383-082 and F383-129.

11. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F384-033 and F385-032, and (B) piezometers F381-056 and F376-037.

12. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) wells F434-060 and F450-061, and (B) wells F476-061 and F478-061.

13. Measured drawdowns and drawdowns simulated for piezometer F377-037 using (A) the assumption of instantaneous drainage, (B) gradual drainage using a single empirical parameter, (C) gradual drainage using two empirical parameters, and (D) gradual drainage using three empirical parameters.

14. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-080 and F504-080.

15. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, wells F505-059 and F504-060.

16. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-032 and F504-032.

17. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F377-037 and F347-031.

18. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F383-061 and F383-032, and (B) piezometers F383-082 and F383-129.

19. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F384-033 and F385-032, and (B) piezometers F381-056 and F376-037.

20. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) wells F434-060 and F450-061, and (B) wells F476-061 and F478-061.

21. Measured and simulated drawdowns for the pumped well (F507-080) for the model parameters shown in table 6.

22. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone for selected deep-seated piezometers.

23. Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual drainage of water from the unsaturated zone for selected deep-seated piezometers.

TABLES

	1.	Dimensionless expressions.
	2.	Locations of observation piezometers, number of PEST values and measurement numbers.
	3.	Parameters obtained from preliminary analysis of hand-measured drawdown data, where S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, and K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
	4.	Parameters obtained from late-time data exclusively using PEST with b equals 160 feet, where S_y equals specific yield, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, and K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
	5.	Parameters obtained from late-time data exclusively using PEST with b as an estimated parameter, where S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, and K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
	6.	Parameters estimated from early and late-time data exclusively, using PEST, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, and K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
	7.	Parameters estimated from the complete data set using PEST, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	8.	Correlation coeficient matrix for table 7, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	9.	Parameters estimated from the complete data set using PEST with alternative initial values, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	10A.	Estimates of the variance and standard deviation of head in the aquifer for three-dimensional and one-dimensional flow using equations 27 and 28, where a_f ² equals variance of ln K_r, J equals horizontal hydraulic gradient, .1 equals horizontal log hydraulic conductivity correlation scale, and .2 equals vertical log hydraulic conductivity correlation scale.
	10>B.	Estimates of the variance and standard deviation of head in the aquifer for three-dimensional and one-dimensional flow using equations 27 and 28, where a_f ² equals variance of ln K_r , J equals horizontal hydraulic gradient, .1 equals horizontal log hydraulic conductivity correlation scale, and .2 equals vertical log hydraulic conductivity correlation scale.
	11.	Column headings for tables 12-15.
	12.	Analysis of selected piezometer groups assuming gradual drainage and adjustable saturated thickness, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	13.	Analysis of selected piezometer groups assuming delayed drainage and fixed saturated thickness, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	14.	Analysis of selected piezometer groups assuming instantaneous drainage for times greater than 430 minutes and adjustable saturated thickness, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, and K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
	15.	Analysis of selected piezometer groups assuming instantaneous drainage for times greater than 430 minutes with fixed saturated thickness, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
	16A.	Analysis of time-limited tests for all piezometers and deep-seated piezometers, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, Kz equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	16B.	Analysis of time-limited tests for long-screened piezometers and piezometer clusters, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.
	17.	Various data analyses for piezometers F505-059, F505-080, F504-080, and F383-129, where S_s equals specific storage, S_y equals specific yield, b equals saturated thickness, K_r equals hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction, K_z equals hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction, and a₁, a₂, and a₃ are empirical constants for gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone.

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U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Persistent URL: http://pubsdata.usgs.gov/pubs/pp/pp1629/figures_tables.html Page Contact Information: USGS Publishing Network Last modified: Monday, January 14 2013, 02:21:44 PM

	1.	A, Schematic diagram of a pumping well and observation piezometer in an idealized, anisotropic uncon.ned aquifer with a hypothetical moisture distribution indicated for the unsaturated zone. B, A typical double-logarithmic plot of drawdown in an observation piezometer versus time that de.nes the approximate ranges of early-, intermediate-, and late-time.
	2.	Schematic diagram of a .nite-diameter pumped well, observation well, and observation piezometer in a homogeneous, anisotropic water-table aquifer of in.nite lateral extent.
	3.	Regional location and local plan view showing the positions of the pumped well (F507-080) and observation wells and piezometers in the study area. The reference piezometer (F343-036) is not used to measure drawdown.
	4.	Vertical cross section of the aquifer at the study site showing the lengths and positions of the piezometers and observation wells.
	5.	Measured and simulated drawdowns for the pumped well (F507-080), for the model parameters shown in table 5.
	6.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-080 and F504-080.
	7.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, wells F505-059 and F504-060.
	8.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-032 and F504-032.
	9.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F377-037 and F347-031.
	10.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F383-061 and F383-032, and (B) piezometers F383-082 and F383-129.
	11.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F384-033 and F385-032, and (B) piezometers F381-056 and F376-037.
	12.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) wells F434-060 and F450-061, and (B) wells F476-061 and F478-061.
	13.	Measured drawdowns and drawdowns simulated for piezometer F377-037 using (A) the assumption of instantaneous drainage, (B) gradual drainage using a single empirical parameter, (C) gradual drainage using two empirical parameters, and (D) gradual drainage using three empirical parameters.
	14.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-080 and F504-080.
	15.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, wells F505-059 and F504-060.
	16.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F505-032 and F504-032.
	17.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, piezometers F377-037 and F347-031.
	18.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F383-061 and F383-032, and (B) piezometers F383-082 and F383-129.
	19.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) piezometers F384-033 and F385-032, and (B) piezometers F381-056 and F376-037.
	20.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual release of water from the unsaturated zone, (A) wells F434-060 and F450-061, and (B) wells F476-061 and F478-061.
	21.	Measured and simulated drawdowns for the pumped well (F507-080) for the model parameters shown in table 6.
	22.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of instantaneous release of water from the unsaturated zone for selected deep-seated piezometers.
	23.	Measured drawdowns compared with drawdowns simulated under the assumption of gradual drainage of water from the unsaturated zone for selected deep-seated piezometers.