Cecil A. Jennings 1996 <div id="Abs1-section" class="c-article-section"><div id="Abs1-content" class="c-article-section__content"><p>I used replicated 37.8 1 aquaria in a factorial design (four densities of zebra mussel,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>; two hydrologic regimes) to determine if the survival or growth of juvenile fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) was affected by the density of zebra mussel or by the retention time of the test system. None of the fathead minnows died during the 30-d experiment. However, growth of fathead minnows was lower (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) at the highest (3000 m⁻²) than at the lowest density of mussels (0 m⁻²). Fish growth was not affected by water retention time or the interaction of water retention time and mussel density (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05). These laboratory results suggest that juvenile fish survival will not be affected by low to moderate densities of mussels (0–3000 m⁻²) but fish growth might be adversely affected at moderate densities of mussels (e.g., 3000 m⁻²).</p></div></div> application/pdf 10.1007/BF00018177 en Springer Effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) density on the survival and growth of juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): Implications for North American river fishes article