Richard K. Stroud J. K. Andreasen 1987 <p>An examination of 97 dead migratory waterfowl collected at an industrial facility showed that the birds had had severe gastric and intestinal hemorrhaging. Water samples taken at on-site waste lagoons contained 6,750 mg/L fluoride, 4,500 mg/L bromine and 1,500 mg/L boron. Brain and liver tissues contained high levels of fluoride, as compared with tissues of birds collected at a control site. From the necropsy results, the high concentration of fluoride in the water samples and the elevated tissue residues, we conclude that the birds died from acute fluoride poisoning.</p> application/pdf 10.1002/etc.5620060406 en Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Industrial halide wastes cause acute mortality of snow geese in Oklahoma article