T.J. Roffe 1993 <div id="10405408" class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0"><p>During the 1989 caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) calving season on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (USA), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. Dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the Hulahula and Aichilik rivers. Primary diagnoses included emaciation (39%), malnutrition (8%), stillbirth (21%), trauma (16%), other primary causes (7%), and undetermined causes (8%). Twenty calves had contributory renal tubular degeneration. The findings indicate that factors contributing to nutritional deprivation in calves were the major cause of neonatal mortality; however, factors affecting stillbirth, abortion, or the urogenital system may have major effects on neonatal caribou and warrant further investigation.</p></div> application/pdf 10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295 en Wildlife Disease Association Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska article