C.D. Sheppard
J. Langenberg
C. Mirande
J. Spratt
F. J. Dein
Ellen S. Dierenfeld
1993
<p><span>Fat soluble vitamins E and A (quantified as α-tocopherol and all-trans retinol, respectively) were measured in plasma samples from 274 captive cranes from four institutions and five free-ranging birds. Ages ranged from 4 mo to 80 yr, and all 15 crane species were represented. Captive cranes had a mean ± standard error (SE) of 6.57 ± 0.82 </span><i>μ</i><span>g/ml </span><i>α</i><span>-tocopherol; migrating greater sandhill cranes (</span><i>Grus canadenis tabida</i><span>) had a plasma concentration of 3.71 ± 0.22 </span><i>μ</i><span>g/ml. Sex and age differences were not significant, but crane species that evolved in temperate habitats had higher circulating levels of </span><i>α</i><span>-tocopherol than tropical or subtropical species. Mean ± SE retinol values were 0.69 ± 0.05 </span><i>μ</i><span>g/ml in captive cranes, and 0.66 ± 0.08 </span><i>μ</i><span>g/ml in free-ranging cranes; values did not differ significantly by sex, age, or species. Dietary vitamin E concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma </span><i>α</i><span>-tocopherol levels in a logarithmic relationship. Dietary selenium at 0.5 mg/kg was associated with decreased circulating a-tocopherol concentrations.</span></p>
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10.7589/0090-3558-29.1.98
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Wildlife Disease Association
Vitamin E in cranes: Reference ranges and nutrient interactions
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