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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>K. J. Reinecke</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>M. R. Miller</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1984</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p class="chapter-para"&gt;We review metabolizable energy (&lt;i&gt;ME&lt;/i&gt;) concepts and present evidence suggesting that the form of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;used for analyses of avian energetics can affect interpretation of results. Apparent&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;i&gt;AME&lt;/i&gt;) is the most widely used measure of food energy available to birds. True&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;i&gt;TME&lt;/i&gt;) differs from&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;AME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in recognizing fecal and urinary energy of nonfood origin as metabolized energy. Only&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;AME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;values obtained from test birds fed at maintenance levels should be used for energy analyses. A practical assay for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;TME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;has shown that&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;TME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;estimates are less sensitive than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;AME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;to variation in food intake. The&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;TME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;assay may be particularly useful in studies of natural foods that are difficult to obtain in quantities large enough to supply test birds with maintenance requirements. Energy budgets calculated from existence metabolism should be expressed as kJ of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;AME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and converted to food requirements with estimates of metabolizability given in kJ&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;AME&lt;/i&gt;/g. Energy budgets calculated from multiples of basal metabolic rate (a component of maintenance energy), however, should be expressed as kJ of either&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;TME&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;or net energy depending on ambient temperature. Energy units should be stated explicitly to improve comparability and in some cases accuracy of energy analyses.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.2307/1366814</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Oxford Academic</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>