<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Jon E. Keeley</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1992</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Demographic structure of 12 chaparral sites unburned for 56 to 120 years was investigated. All sites were dominated by vigorous shrub populations and, although there was colonization by seedlings of woodland tree species in several stands, successional replacement of chaparral was not imminent. Although successional changes in community composition were evident, there was no indication of a decline in species diversity. Non-sprouting species of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;suffered the greatest mortality at most, but not all, sites. Sprouting shrubs, such as&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Heteromeles&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;had very little mortality, even in stands more than a century old. All postfire resprouting species had multiple stems of different ages indicating these shrubs were capable of continuously regenerating their canopy from basal sprouts.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;populations were highly clumped and there was a significant correlation across all sites between variance/mean ratio and percentage mortality. As&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;populations thinned, they became less clumped. In mixed chaparral stands,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Heteromeles&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;were significantly taller than associated&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;shrubs and overtopped the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus&lt;/i&gt;; at two sites, the density of live&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;per plot was correlated with the density of dead&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Thus, mortality of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;stems is likely related to both intra and interspecific interations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seedling recruitment was observed for most shrub species that regenerate after fire by resprouting; seedling and sapling densities ranging from 1000–36 500 ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;were recorded for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Quercus dumosa, Rhamnus crocea, Prunus ilicifolia, Heteromeles arbutifolia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cercocarpus betuloides.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;For all but the last species, seedlings and saplings were most abundant beneath the canopy cover and not in gaps. Across all sites, recruitment was significantly correlated with depth and bio-mass of the litter layer.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cercocarpus betuloides&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;was present in several stands, but seedling establishment was found only in one very open, disturbed stand. Regardless of stand age, taxa such as&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Adenostoma, Arctostaphylos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceanothus,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;which recruit seedlings after fire, had no significant seedling production.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.2307/3236001</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Demographic structure of California chaparral in the long-term absence of fire</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>