<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>C. J. Fotheringham</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Jon E. Keeley</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1997</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Dormant seeds of a California chaparral annual were induced to germinate by smoke or vapors emitted from smoke-treated sand or paper. Nitrogen oxides induced 100 percent germination in a manner similar to smoke. Smoke-treated water samples inducing germination were comparable in acidity and concentration of nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen dioxide (NO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;)–treated samples. Vapors from smoke-treated and NO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;-treated filter paper had comparable NO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;flux rates. Chaparral wildfires generate sufficient nitrogen oxides from combustion of organic matter or from postfire biogenic nitrification to trigger germination of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Emmenanthe penduliflora&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Nitrogen oxide–triggered germination is not the result of changes in imbibition, as is the case with heat-stimulated seeds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1126/science.276.5316.1248</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Association for the Advancement of Science</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Trace gas emissions and smoke-induced germination</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>