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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>M. V. Meisch</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>D. L. Gray</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>J. M. Martin</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kermit E. Sneed</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>F. J. Williams</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>R. B. Davey</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1974</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;During the summers of 1972–73, 10 fish species were evaluated as predators against larvae of the dark rice field mosquito,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Psorophora confinnis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Lynch-Arribalzaga), near Stuttgart, Ark. Stocking rates were 0.02, 0.03, and 0.06 fish/ft&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;. At the lowest stocking rate green sunfish,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lepomis cyanellus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Rafinesque, reduced larval numbers by 89.7% and were significantly more effective than adult mosquitofish,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gambusia affinis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Baird and Girard). The white amur,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ctenopharynogodon idella&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Valenciennes, was intermediate in effectiveness when compared with the above. At 0.03 fish/ft&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;, green sunfish reduced larvae by 99.2% and were significantly more efficient than juvenile mosquitofish, which had little effect on the larval population. At the 0.06 fish/ft&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;rate mosquitofish; white amur; Israeli carp,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cyprinus carpio&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;L.; and hybrids (Israeli carp × goldfish) were significantly more effective than bigmouth buffalo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ictiobus cyprinellus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Valenciennes); black buffalo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ictiobus niger&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Rafinesque); goldfish,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Carassius auratus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(L.); or juvenile mosquitofish. Recovery counts of fish indicated that fish survived under natural conditions in Arkansas rice fields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1093/ee/3.5.823</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Oxford Academic</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Various fish species as biological control agents for the dark rice field mosquito in Arkansas rice fields</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>