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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>M. J. Adams</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Gerald S. Schuytema</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>A.V. Nebeker</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Christopher A. Pearl</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2003</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We compared&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;behavioral&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;responses&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;larvae&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of three&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Pacific&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Northwest anurans from different hydroperiods to water borne&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cues&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;predators&lt;span&gt;. Two&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;anurans (&lt;/span&gt;Pacific&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla, and Northern Red-Legged Frog, Rana aurora aurora) and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) responded to water conditioned by&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Redside Shiners (Richardsonius balteatus) by increasing refuge use. The&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;larvae&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the two&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;anurans differed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;their&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;response&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;predator&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cues&lt;span&gt;. Rana aurora aurora, which occur&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;temporary and permanent waters, responded to both&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Pseudacris regilla, which occur primarily&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;temporary ponds, did not respond to water borne&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cues&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from either&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;predator&lt;span&gt;. The broader&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;responses&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of R. a. aurora may indicate greater&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;behavioral&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plasticity or more exposure to novel&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;predators&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;than experienced by P. regilla.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Larvae&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;introduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;R. catesbeiana responded strongly to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cues&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from two fish&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Pacific&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;northwest but did not alter behavior&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;response&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to any of five potential&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;predators&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;with which they coexist&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;their&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;range. Fish that occur with R. catesbeiana&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;their&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;native&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;range generally find Bullfrog&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;larvae&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;unpalatable. This pattern suggests that Bullfrog&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;larvae&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;can recognize&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cues&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of novel&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;predators&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;that may find them palatable, which could contribute to their success as an invasive species&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the region.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1670/134-02N</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>BioOne</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Behavioral responses of anuran larvae to chemical cues of native and introduced predators in the Pacific Northwestern United States</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>