M. Friend 1999 <p><i>Candida albicans</i>, a yeast-like fungi, is the primary cause of candidiasis or candidiosis. <i>C. albicans</i> is a normal inhabitant of the human alimentary canal, as well as that of many species of lower animals. Ingestion in food or in water is the usual means for its transmission. Contaminated environments, such as litter from poultry and gamebird rearing facilities, refuse disposal areas, discharge sites for poultry operations, and areas contaminated with human waste have all been suggested as sources for <i>Candidia</i> exposure for birds.</p> application/pdf en U.S. Geological Survey Candidiasis reports