<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>I.B. Tarshis</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1972</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Techniques and equipment are described for feeding, in the laboratory,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cnephia invenusta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Walker),&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Simulium innocens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Shewell, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. rugglesi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Nicholson &amp;amp; Mickel collected from exposed birds at the Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Seney, Michigan, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. ornithophilia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Davies, Peterson, &amp;amp; Wood,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. euryadminiculum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Davies, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. rugglesi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;reared from larvae at the Seney Refuge (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. rugglesi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) and the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland. In 4 feeding experiments with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. invenusta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;on Pekin ducklings, 109 fed of 194 flies exposed; in 2 experiments with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. innocens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;on a mallard duckling and an Emden gosling, 35 fed of 65 flies exposed; in 12 experiments with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. rugglesi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;on mallard ducklings and Canada goose goslings, 465 fed of 1215 flies exposed; in 40 experiments with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. ornithophilia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;on Khaki Campbell, mallard, and Pekin ducklings and yearling Canada and Emden goslings, 950 fed of 1713 flies exposed; and, in 2 experiments with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. euryadminiculum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;on Pekin ducklings, 27 fed of 46 flies exposed. Feeding time varied from 2.10 to 15 minutes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. ornithophilia, S. innocens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. rugglesi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;fed on Khaki Campbell, mallard, and Pekin ducklings and yearling Canada geese infected with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leucocytozoon simondi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Mathis &amp;amp; Leger were held 4-7 days after the blood meal. The flies were triturated in physiological saline and deactivated calf serum and inoculated intravenously and intraperitoneally in parasite-free Pekin, Khaki Campbell, and mallard ducklings and Canada goose goslings. Birds became infected with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. simondi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;9-14 days after being inoculated with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. ornithophilia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;; 4-7 days after being inoculated with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. innocens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;; and 9 days after being inoculated with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. rugglesi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Starved, laboratory-fed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. ornithophilia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;fed first on&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. simondi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;infected Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducklings, held 4-7 days at room temperature, then fed for the 2nd time on parasite-free Pekin ducklings, transmitted the infection by their bite. The birds showed young parasites in the peripheral blood 10 and 11 days following the 2nd feeding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1093/aesa/65.4.842</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Oxford Academic Press</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>The feeding of some ornithophilic black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the laboratory and their role in the transmission of Leucocytozoon simondi</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>