W. L. Robinson J. Hendrickson 1975 <p>Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) numbers in Michigan's Upper Peninsula declined from an estimated 45-50 animals in the mid-1950s to near extinction in 1973, probably because of overharvesting through the bounty system. Sporadic breeding and occasional immigration of wolves from Ontario and Minnesota are postulated to be the factors tending to maintain the present population at the level of perhaps six individuals, with illegal shooting and incidental capture by coyote bounty trappers apparently suppressing it.</p> application/pdf 10.2307/2424554 en University of Notre Dame Status of the wolf in Michigan, 1973 article