Kirke A. King W.F. Stout M.M. Mohn Edward L. Flickinger 1980 <p>Mortality of birds, fish, frogs, crayfish, earthworms, and nontarget insects occurred in rice fields after treatments of Furadan 3G granules in 3 Texas counties in 1970 and 1973-75. Three western sandpipers (<i>Ereunetes mauri</i>), 1 pectoral sandpiper (<i>Erolia melanotos</i>), and 2 red-winged blackbirds (<i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i>) were found dead or moribund between 17 and 24 hours after treatment. Cricket frogs (<i>Acris crepitans blanchardi</i>) were intoxicated 15 minutes post-treatment, and mosquito fish (<i>Gambusia affinis</i>) showed effects 1 hour post-treatment. Mortality of mosquito fish, Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus), Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus), and European carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) usually occurred between 24 and 28 hours after treatment. Mortality of frogs, crayfish, and nontarget insects generally occurred in rice field water between 1 and 45 hours after treatment. Mortality of earthworms in soil persisted for 52 hours. As a replacement for aldrin in Texas rice fields, Furadan 3G appeared to cause less mortality of birds than aldrin, but Furadan 3G was toxic to birds, fish, and invertebrates.</p> application/pdf 10.2307/3808365 en Wiley Wildlife hazards from Furadan 3G applications to rice in Texas article