L. David Mech Michael E. Nelson 1986 <p>Survival of 203 yearling and adult white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) was monitored for 23,441 deer days from January through April 1975-85 in northeastern Minnesota. Gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) predation was the primary mortality cause, and from year to year during this period, the mean predation rate ranged from 0.00 to 0.29. The sum of weekly snow depths/month explained 51% of the variation in annual wolf predation rate, with the highest predation during the deepest snow.</p> application/pdf 10.2307/3801108 en Wiley Relationship between snow depth and gray wolf predation on white-tailed deer article