Alexander Dzubin J. Bernard Gollop James D. Nichols Jay B. Hestbeck 1989 <p>We used 3,670 recoveries from 32,647 bandings of mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) in southwestern Saskatchewan during 1956-59 to estimate the probability of surviving from the local, flightless (classes II and III) stage to the flighted, immature stage. The probability&nbsp; of surviving from the local to the immature stage was 0.84 <span>±</span> 0.05 (SE) for males and females. The geographic distribution of direct recoveries was similar for the birds banded as local and immature. Probabilities of survival for banded mallards can only be estimated from late summer to late summer. The estimate of survival from local to immature stage fills a gap in our knowledge of mallard mortality from female-brood breakup to the time of banding in late summer.</p> application/pdf 10.2307/3801146 en Wiley Mallard survival from local to immature stage in southwestern Saskatchewan article