<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>L.D. Mech</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>U.S. Seal</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>E.D. Plotka</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>C. S. Asa</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1990</dc:date>
  <dc:description>Although serum hormones varied seasonally in all adult animals, only dominant male and female wolves urine-marked. Serum testosterone and urine-marking rates, which increased during the fall/winter breeding season, were positively correlated in both male and female dominant wolves. Estradiol, which increased in conjunction with proestrus and estrus, was not correlated with female urine-marking. These findings suggest that hormonal influence on urine-marking in the wolf is modulated by social factors and contrast with those for both domestic dogs and coyotes, two other members of the genus Canis.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1016/0018-506X(90)90038-Y</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:title>The influence of social and endocrine factors on urine-marking by captive wolves (Canis lupus)</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>