<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>W. N. Beyer</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>J. W. Spann</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>D. J. Hoffman</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>A. Ramis</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>R. Mateo</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2003</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Some of the adverse effects of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;lead&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Pb) may be associated with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;oxidative&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;damage of lipids, proteins, or DNA.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;In&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;a previous study a linkage was observed between the susceptibilities of waterfowl species to Pb&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;poisoning&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;oxidative&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;stress&lt;span&gt;. To investigate this&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;relationship&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;among the individuals of a single species, for 3 wk 4 groups of 72&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mallards&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;were fed diets containing high or low levels of vitamin E (20 or 220 Ul/kg) and high or low levels of Pb (0 or 2 g/kg). During the first week of Pb exposure,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mallards&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;developed hemolytic anemia, and during the second week,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;signs&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of neurological impairment. Histological findings&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the Pb-exposed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mallards&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;were hemosiderosis, demyelinization of sciatic and brachial nerves, and tumefaction of renal tubular epithelium with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Lipid peroxidation increased with Pb exposure&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;blood, liver, bile, and brain, but decreased&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;nerves. Glutathione (GSH) increased with Pb exposure&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;liver and bile, and its oxidized/reduced ratio only increased&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;bile. Pb exposure inhibited GSH peroxidase activity (GPX)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plasma, liver, and brain, and decreased protein thiols (PSH)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;blood and liver. Vitamin E resulted&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;significantly lower lipid peroxidation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;nerves of control birds relative to unsupplemented controls, but did not alleviate any&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sign&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;lead&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;posioning. Pb-induced pathological changes associated with hepatic and nervous functions were significantly correlated with lower GPX activity and PSH concentrations&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;these tissues rather than lipid peroxidation. Data suggest that inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and interaction with sulfhydryl groups of proteins may play a more important role&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pb&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;poisoning&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of waterfowl than lipid peroxidation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1080/15287390306390</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Taylor &amp; Francis</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Relationship between oxidative stress, pathology, and behavioral signs of lead poisoning in mallards</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>