<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>G. Victoria Joseph</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Chunlin Wang</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Morris Jones</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Gary M. Fellers</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Thomas H. Kunz</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Eric Delwart</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Linlin Li</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2010</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Bats are hosts to a variety of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;viruses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;capable of zoonotic transmissions. Because of increased contact between bats, humans, and other animal species, the possibility exists for further cross-species transmissions and ensuing disease outbreaks. We describe here full and partial viral genomes identified using metagenomics in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;guano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of bats from California and Texas. A total of 34% and 58% of 390,000 sequence reads from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;bat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;guano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in California and Texas, respectively, were related to eukaryotic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;viruses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and the largest proportion of those infect&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;insects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, reflecting the diet of these insectivorous bats, including members of the viral families Dicistroviridae, Iflaviridae, Tetraviridae, and Nodaviridae and the subfamily Densovirinae. The second largest proportion of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;virus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-related sequences infects&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;plants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and fungi, likely reflecting the diet of ingested&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;insects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, including members of the viral families Luteoviridae, Secoviridae, Tymoviridae, and Partitiviridae and the genus Sobemovirus.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Bat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;guano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;viruses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;related to those infecting mammals comprised the third largest group, including members of the viral families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, Astroviridae, and Coronaviridae. No close relative of known human viral pathogens was identified in these&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;bat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;populations. Phylogenetic analysis was used to clarify the relationship to known viral taxa of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;novel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sequences detected in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;bat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;guano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;samples, showing that some&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;guano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;viral sequences fall outside existing taxonomic groups. This initial characterization of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;bat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;guano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;virome&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, the first metagenomic analysis of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;viruses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in wild mammals using second-generation sequencing, therefore showed the presence of previously unidentified viral species, genera, and possibly families. Viral metagenomics is a useful tool for genetically characterizing&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;viruses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;present in animals with the known capability of direct or indirect viral zoonosis to humans.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1128/JVI.00501-10</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Society for Microbiology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Bat guano virome: Predominance of dietary viruses from insects and plants plus novel mammalian viruses</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>