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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Theresa M. Schreier</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Karina R. Hess</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Michelle Bartsch</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Jeffery R. Meinertz</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2011</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;A test system was evaluated for assessing chronic toxicity of waterborne chemicals with early life stage mussels. To determine if the test system could result in ≥80% survival in a control (unexposed) group, fat mucket mussels (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lampsilis siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; Barnes, 1823) and plain pocketbook mussels (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. cardium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; Rafinesque, 1820) 1 day post transformation were stocked into test chambers (250 mL beakers, water volume, 200 mL, 21 °C, 40 mussels of 1 species per chamber) within a test system constructed for conducting chronic, continuous exposure, flow-through toxicity tests. The test system contained 60 chambers containing silica sand, 30 chambers with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and 30 with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. cardium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Each chamber in the continuous feeding system received 1 of 6 food types prepared with concentrated algal products. After 28 days, mussels were harvested from chambers to assess survival and growth. For &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, mean survival ranged from 34 to 80% and mean shell length ranged from 464 to 643 µm. For &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. cardium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, mean survival ranged from 12 to 66% and mean shell length ranged from 437 to 612 µm. The maximum mean growth rate for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; was 12.7 µm/d and for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. cardium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; was 11.8 µm/d. When offered a continuous diet of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Chlorella&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; for 28 days in the test system, the survival of 1 day post transformation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; was 80%. The test system can be easily enhanced with a pumping system continuously delivering test chemical to the test system's flow stream allowing for chronic toxicity tests with 1 day post transformation mussels.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.4003/006.029.0220</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Malacological Society</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Survival and growth of newly transformed &lt;i&gt;Lampsilis cardium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lampsilis siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt; in a flow-through, continuous feeding test system</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>