Niel Plummer T.M.L. Wigley 1976 <div id="abstracts" class="Abstracts u-font-serif"><div id="aep-abstract-id5" class="abstract author"><div id="aep-abstract-sec-id6"><p>When mineral solutions of different compositions are mixed, the molalities and activities of individual ions in the mixture are often non-linear functions of their end-member values. This non-linearity is particularly significant in determining mineral saturation levels. Mixtures of saturated solutions may be either undersaturated or supersaturated depending on the end-member compositions and the physical conditions in which end-members and their mixtures exist. In carbonate solutions important non-linear effects occur due to redistribution of carbonate species. In extreme cases this causes mixture pH to be below both the end-member pH values. A simple but precise computer program (WATMIX) has been developed for calculating mixture composition for closed and open system mixing of arbitrary end-members. A number of mixing examples are considered which allow one to isolate three important processes leading to non-linear behaviour: the algebraic effect, the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δP</i>_<i>CO</i>2<span>&nbsp;</span>effect, and the ionic strength effect.</p></div></div></div> application/pdf 10.1016/0016-7037(76)90041-7 en Elsevier Mixing of carbonate waters article