<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Thomas M. Cronin</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1985</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Morphologic and paleozoogeographic analysis of Cenozoic marine Ostracoda from the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific indicates that climatic change modulates evolution by disrupting long-term stasis and catalyzing speciation during sustained, unidirectional climatic transitions and, conversely, by maintaining morphologic stasis during rapid, high-frequency climatic oscillations. In the middle Pliocene, 4 to 3 million years ago, at least six new species of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Puriana&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;suddenly appeared as the Isthmus of Panama closed, changing oceanographic circulation and global climate. Since then morphologic stasis has characterized ancestral and descendant species during many glacial-interglacial cycles. The frequency and duration of climatic events have more impact on ostracode evolution than the magnitude of climatic changes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1126/science.227.4682.60</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Association for the Advancement of Science</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Speciation and stasis in marine Ostracoda: Climatic modulation of evolution</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>