<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>D.J. Lonergan</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Derek R. Lovley</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1990</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer, GS-15, is the first microorganism known to couple the oxidation of aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) and the first example of a pure culture of any kind known to anaerobically oxidize an aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene. In this study, the metabolism of toluene, phenol, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-cresol by GS-15 was investigated in more detail. GS-15 grew in an anaerobic medium with toluene as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor. Growth coincided with Fe(III) reduction. [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ring&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C]toluene was oxidized to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and the stoichiometry of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;production and Fe(III) reduction indicated that GS-15 completely oxidized toluene to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Magnetite was the primary iron end product during toluene oxidation. Phenol and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-cresol were also completely oxidized to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor, and GS-15 could obtain energy to support growth by oxidizing either of these compounds as the sole electron donor.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-Hydroxybenzoate was a transitory extracellular intermediate of phenol and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-cresol metabolism but not of toluene metabolism. GS-15 oxidized potential aromatic intermediates in the oxidation of toluene (benzylalcohol and benzaldehyde) and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-cresol (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-hydroxybenzylalcohol and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-hydroxybenzaldehyde). The metabolism described here provides a model for how aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols may be oxidized with the reduction of Fe(III) in contaminated aquifers and petroleum-containing sediments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Society for Microbiology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>