<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>M.E. Smith</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>D. L. Naftz</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1993</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Glaciological&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;investigations of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Upper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Fremont&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Glacier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in the Wind River Range of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Wyoming&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;were conducted during 1990–1991. The&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;glaciological&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;data will provide baseline information for monitoring future changes to the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;glacier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and support ongoing research utilizing&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;glacial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-core composition to reconstruct paleoenvironmental records.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;thickness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, determined by radio-echo sounding, ranged from 60 to 172 m in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;upper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;half of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;glacier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Radio-echo sounding of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;thickness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;at one point was confirmed by drilling 159.7 m to bedrock. The difference between radio-echo sounding depth and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;measured&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;drilling depth was about 4 m. Annual&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;ablation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(including snow, firn, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;measured&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for the 1990–1991 period averaged about 0.93 m/a. Densification proceeds rapidly on&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Upper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Fremont&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Glacier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Measured&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;densities in the near-surface parts of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;glacier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;ranged from 4.4 x 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;g/m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;at the surface to larger than 8.5 x 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;g/m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;at depths exceeding 14 m. Surface&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;velocity and direction were monitored from July 1990 to August 1991.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;Ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;velocity decreased in a downslope direction. The largest&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;measured&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;velocity was about 3.1 m/a and the smallest was 0.8 m/a. The yearly mean air temperature of the study site during the period from July 11, 1990 to July 10, 1991 was -6.9°. Borehole temperatures from 10-m depths are 0 ± 0.4°. The warmer borehole temperatures relative to the yearly mean air temperature may be caused by the latent heat of freezing, as meltwater from the surface percolates into the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class"&gt;glacier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and refreezes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1080/02723646.1993.10642488</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Taylor &amp; Francis</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Ice thickness, ablation, and other glaciological measurements on Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>