Patricia J. Happe M. P. Gonzalez-Hernandez K. M. Lange J. J. Karchesy Edward E. Starkey 1999 <p><span>In the coastal Pacific Northwest, diets of elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus roosevelti</i><span>) and deer (</span><i>Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i><span>) are dominated by shrubs, ferns, and forbs solution</span>^17,18<span>&nbsp;or agarose gel.</span>¹⁹<span>&nbsp;In this paper, we refer to the capacity to precipitate proteins as astringency.</span>²⁰</p> application/pdf 10.1007/978-1-4615-4139-4_51 en Springer Tannins as nutritional constraints for elk and deer of the coastal Pacific Northwest. chapter