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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>N. Mayberry</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>N.E. Kinner</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>D.W. Metge</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>F. Novarino</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>R.W. Harvey</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2002</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div id="abstract-1" class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;p id="p-2"&gt;The transport and attachment behaviors of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Spumella guttula&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(Kent), a nanoflagellate (protist) found in contaminated and uncontaminated aquifer sediments in Cape Cod, Mass., were assessed in flowthrough and static columns and in a field injection-and-recovery transport experiment involving an array of multilevel samplers. Transport of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. guttula&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;harvested from low-nutrient (10 mg of dissolved organic carbon per liter), slightly acidic, granular (porous) growth media was compared to earlier observations involving nanoflagellates grown in a traditional high-nutrient liquid broth. In contrast to the highly retarded (retardation factor of ∼3) subsurface transport previously reported for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. guttula&lt;/i&gt;, the peak concentration of porous-medium-grown&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. guttula&lt;/i&gt;traveled concomitantly with that of a conservative (bromide) tracer. About one-third of the porous-medium-grown nanoflagellates added to the aquifer were transported at least 2.8 m downgradient, compared to only ∼2% of the broth-grown nanoflagellates. Flowthrough column studies revealed that a vital (hydroethidine [HE]) staining procedure resulted in considerably less attachment (more transport) of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. guttula&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in aquifer sediments than did a staining-and-fixation procedure involving 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and glutaraldehyde. The calculated collision efficiency (∼10&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;for porous-medium-grown, DAPI-stained nanoflagellates) was comparable to that observed earlier for the indigenous community of unattached groundwater bacteria that serve as prey. The attachment of HE-labeled&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. guttula&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;onto aquifer sediment grains was independent of pH (over the range from pH 3 to 9) suggesting a primary attachment mechanism that may be fundamentally different from that of their prey bacteria, which exhibit sharp decreases in fractional attachment with increasing pH. The high degree of mobility of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. guttula&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in the aquifer sediments has important ecological implications for the protistan community within the temporally changing plume of organic contaminants in the Cape Cod aquifer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1128/AEM.68.4.1872-1881.2002</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>ASM</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Effect of growth conditions and staining procedure upon the subsurface transport and attachment behaviors of a groundwater protist</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>