<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>D.E. Scott</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>P.H. Niewiarowski</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>M.D. Boone</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2002</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In aquatic communities, the phenology of breeding may influence species interactions. In the early-breeding marbled salamander,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;Ambystoma opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, timing of pond filling may determine whether interactions among larvae are competitive or predatory. The objectives of our studies were to determine how time of egg hatching affected size, larval period, and survival to metamorphosis in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and if early-hatching in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;influenced the competitive and predator-prey relationships with smaller larvae of the mole salamander,&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;Ambystoma talpoideum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Salamander larvae were reared from hatching through metamorphosis in large, outdoor enclosures located in a natural temporary pond in Aiken County, South Carolina, in two experiments. In study 1, we reared early- and late-hatching&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;larvae separately from hatching through metamorphosis. In study 2, we examined how early- versus late-hatching&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;affected a syntopic species,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. talpoideum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. In general, early-hatching&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;were larger and older at metamorphosis, had greater survival, and left the pond earlier than late-hatching larvae.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;Ambystoma talpoideum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;reared in the presence of early-hatching&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;had lower survival than in controls, suggesting that&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. opacum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;may predate upon&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="genus-species"&gt;A. talpoideum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;when they gain a growth advantage over later-hatching larvae. Our studies demonstrate that time of pond filling and phenology of breeding may influence population dynamics and alter the nature of relationships that develop among species.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0511:EOHTFL]2.0.CO;2</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>BioOne</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Effects of hatching time for larval ambystomatid salamanders</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>