Donald E. Gardner Dana A. Weniger Clifford W. Morden 2003 <p>The endemic Hawaiian raspberries <i>Rubus hawaiensis</i> and <i>R. macraei</i> (both subgenus <i>Idaeobatus</i>) had been thought to be closely related species until recent molecular studies demonstrated otherwise. These studies suggest that they are the products of separate colonizations to the Hawaiian Islands. Affinities of <i>R.</i> <i>hawaiensis</i> to <i>R. spectabilis</i> of western North America were clearly confirmed. However, no clear relation to <i>R. macraei</i> has been published. This study was initiated to examine species of subg. <i>Idaeobatus</i> from the surrounding Pacific region as well as species from other subgenera to better evaluate biogeographic and phylogenetic affinities of <i>R. macraei</i> by means of chromosome analysis and molecular data using the chloroplast gene <i>ndbF</i>. Results show that <i>R. macraei</i> clusters in a clade with species of blackberries, subg. <i>Rubus</i>, and of these it is most closely linked to <i>R. ursinus</i>. Chromosomally, <i>R. macraei</i> is 2<i>n</i> = 6<i>x</i> = 42, a number that would be a new report for subg. <i>Idaeobatus</i>. However, polyploidy is common in subg. <i>Rubus</i>. Analyses indicate that <i>R. macraei</i> and <i>R. hawaiensis</i> are derived from separate colonizations from North America and that similarities between them are due to convergent evolution in the Hawaiian environment.</p> application/pdf 10.1353/psc.2003.0018 en University of Hawai'i Press Phylogeny and biogeography of Pacific Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) species: Investigating the origin of the endemic Hawaiian raspberry R. macraei article