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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>T. Palomeque</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>A.E. Colwell</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>H. Weiss-Schneeweiss</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>G.M. Schneeweiss</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2004</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of species of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cistanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Diphelypaea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Orobanchaceae) were investigated, and 108 chromosome counts of 53 taxa, 19 counted for the first time, are presented with a thorough compilation of previously published data. Additionally, karyotypes of representatives of these genera, including&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sects.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Trionychon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, are reported.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cistanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 20) has large meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, while those of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Diphelypaea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 19) are medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics. Within three analyzed sections of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, sects.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Myzorrhiza&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 24) and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Trionychon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 12) possess medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics, while sect.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 19) has small, mostly meta- to submetacentric, chromosomes. Polyploidy is unevenly distributed in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and restricted to a few lineages, e.g.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. sect.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Myzorrhiza&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;or&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche gracilis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and its relatives (sect.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;). The distribution of basic chromosome numbers supports the groups found by molecular phylogenetic analyses:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cistanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;has&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 20, the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-group (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sect.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Diphelypaea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) has&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 19, and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Phelipanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-group (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sects.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gymnocaulis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Myzorrhiza&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Trionychon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) has&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 12, 24. A model of chromosome number evolution in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and related genera is presented: from two ancestral base numbers,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 5 and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 6, independent polyploidizations led to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 20 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cistanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) and (after dysploidization)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 19 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orobanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-group) and to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 12 and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 24 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Phelipanche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;-group), respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3732/ajb.91.3.439</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>