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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>S.E. Hoeft</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>L.G. Miller</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>C. Saltikov</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>J.N. Murphy</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>S. Han</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>B. Lanoil</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>R.S. Oremland</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>T.R. Kulp</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2006</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div id="abstract-1" class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;p id="p-1"&gt;A radioisotope method was devised to study bacterial respiratory reduction of arsenate in sediments. The following two arsenic-rich soda lakes in California were chosen for comparison on the basis of their different salinities: Mono Lake (∼90 g/liter) and Searles Lake (∼340 g/liter). Profiles of arsenate reduction and sulfate reduction were constructed for both lakes. Reduction of [&lt;sup&gt;73&lt;/sup&gt;As]arsenate occurred at all depth intervals in the cores from Mono Lake (rate constant [&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;] = 0.103 to 0.04 h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and Searles Lake (&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;= 0.012 to 0.002 h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), and the highest activities occurred in the top sections of each core. In contrast, [&lt;sup&gt;35&lt;/sup&gt;S]sulfate reduction was measurable in Mono Lake (&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;= 7.6 ×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;to 3.2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) but not in Searles Lake. Sediment DNA was extracted, PCR amplified, and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to obtain phylogenetic markers (i.e., 16S rRNA genes) and a partial functional gene for dissimilatory arsenate reduction (&lt;i&gt;arrA&lt;/i&gt;). The amplified&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;arrA&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;gene product showed a similar trend in both lakes; the signal was strongest in surface sediments and decreased to undetectable levels deeper in the sediments. More&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;arrA&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;gene signal was observed in Mono Lake and was detectable at a greater depth, despite the higher arsenate reduction activity observed in Searles Lake. A partial sequence (about 900 bp) was obtained for a clone (SLAS-3) that matched the dominant DGGE band found in deeper parts of the Searles Lake sample (below 3 cm), and this clone was found to be closely related to SLAS-1, a novel extremophilic arsenate respirer previously cultivated from Searles Lake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1128/AEM.01066-06</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>ASM</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>